Post craniotomy pain management in Copenhagen rat by intraperitoneal or oral dosage of Tramadol: a comparative evaluation
Sasmita Samal,
Debyashreeta Barik,
Sarita Jena
Abstract:Calvarial craniotomy in animal models involves pain and distress. Moderate to severe pain in laboratory animals requires adequate pain management strategies. According to previous studies, the options available for suitable analgesia for rat calvarial craniotomy are very few. For most analgesic treatments, injectable routes of administration are predominantly used. However, these routes require restraining the animals, which may cause unnecessary pain, distress and suffering. As a well-fare measure, we focused… Show more
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