Post COVID-19 sequelae of the respiratory system. A single center experience reporting the compromise of the airway, alveolar and vascular components

Iqbal, Nousheen; Khanum, Iffat; Kazi, Muhammad Ali Ibrahim; Riaz, Syeda Urooj; Khawaja, Uzzam Ahmed; Awan, Safia; Irfan, Muhammad; Zubairi, Ali Bin Sarwar; Khan, Javaid Ahmed

doi:10.4081/monaldi.2022.2412

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The most common abnormality observed was diffusion impairment, followed by restrictive ventilatory defects [68]. Similar findings have been reported by other studies, as for example in the study that evaluated a total of 1200 patients, with 83 suffering from post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications, exhibiting lung function abnormalities, emphasizing the potential long-term consequences on respiratory function [137].…”

Section: Long Covid and Respiratory Systemsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring Long-Term Effects on the Organ Systems

Golzardi,

Hromić-Jahjefendić,

Šutković

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalized. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected with PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms is positively associated with the early intensity of the infection. Results: The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. Cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as a condition that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with respiratory system in long COVID-19 causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. Renal system also was impacted and result in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints were linked to PASC. Conclusions: Long COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy as well as more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects.

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Section: Long Covid and Respiratory Systemsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring Long-Term Effects on the Organ Systems

Golzardi,

Hromić-Jahjefendić,

Šutković

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most common abnormality observed was diffusion impairment, followed by restrictive ventilatory defects [68]. Similar findings have been reported by other studies, such as, for example, the study that evaluated a total of 1200 patients, with 83 suffering from post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications and exhibiting lung function abnormalities, emphasising the potential long-term consequences on respiratory function [137].…”

Section: Long-covid and Respiratory Systemsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems

Golzardi,

Hromić-Jahjefendić,

Šutković

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Background: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50–70% are hospitalised. It has also been shown that 10–12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms are positively associated with the early intensity of the infection. Results: The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. The cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as conditions that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with the respiratory system in long-COVID causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. The renal system also was impacted, which resulted in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints linked to PASC. Conclusions: Long-COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy, and more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects is needed.

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“…The authors found that there was a significant increased incidence rate of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and that the risk of thromboembolic events was higher in patients who experienced a severe pattern of COVID-19. In a series of 83 patients with persistent respiratory symptoms after 2 months from the acute phase, Iqbal et al [ 28 ] found a pulmonary embolism rate of 12.5%. Indirect signs of pulmonary vessel microthrombosis were investigated in a wide series of 767 patients studied 3 months after the acute phase [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Term Residual Effects of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy

Ranucci

Baryshnikova

Anguissola

et al. 2023

IJMS

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During the acute phase of COVID-19, many patients experience a complex coagulopathy characterized by a procoagulant pattern. The present study investigates the persistence of hemostatic changes in post-COVID patients at a long-term follow up, and the link with the persistence of physical and neuropsychological symptoms. We completed a prospective cohort study on 102 post-COVID patients. Standard coagulation and viscoelastic tests were performed, along with an assessment of persistent symptoms and recording of acute phase details. A procoagulant state was adjudicated in the presence of fibrinogen > 400 mg/dL, or D-dimer > 500 ng/mL, or platelet count > 450,000 cells/µL, or a maxim clot lysis at viscoelastic test < 2%. A procoagulant state was identified in 75% of the patients at 3 months follow up, 50% at 6 months, and 30% at 12–18 months. Factors associated with the persistence of a procoagulant state were age, severity of the acute phase, and persistence of symptoms. Patients with major physical symptoms carry a procoagulant state relative risk of 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.17–6.7, p = 0.019). The association between persistent symptoms and a procoagulant state raises the hypothesis that an ongoing process of thrombi formation and/or persistent microthrombosis may be responsible for the main physical symptoms in long-COVID patients.

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Post COVID-19 sequelae of the respiratory system. A single center experience reporting the compromise of the airway, alveolar and vascular components

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring Long-Term Effects on the Organ Systems

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring Long-Term Effects on the Organ Systems

The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems

The Long Term Residual Effects of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy

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