Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents

Ertesvåg, Nina Urke; Iversen, A.; Blomberg, Björn; Özgümüş, Türküler; Rijal, Pramila; Fjelltveit, Elisabeth Berg; Langeland, Nina; Haug, Kjell; Sandnes, Helene Heitmann; Mohn, Kristin G. I.; Olofsson, Jan; Sævik, Marianne; Brokstad, Christopher James; Kuwelker, Kanika; Heienberg, Kristin

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104599

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eight studies met the inclusion criteria 11 , 12 , 19 – 24 and were included in the final review (Table 1 ). All studies were non-randomized; 11 , 12 , 19 – 24 of these, 5 were prospective cohort studies, 12 , 21 – 24 2 were cross-sectional studies, 19 , 20 and 1 was a retrospective cohort study. 11 Four of these studies evaluated the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 Four of these studies evaluated the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. 12 , 21 , 22 , 24 Two analyzed the Moderna vaccine, 21 , 24 1 analyzed the AstraZeneca vaccine, 12 and 1 analyzed the Sinopharm vaccine. 12 Four studies did not report the type of COVID-19 vaccine administered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies included in our review were conducted in the United Kingdom, 11 , 20 and 2 were conducted in Thailand. 12 , 22 One study each was performed in Israel, 19 Italy, 24 Norway, 21 and the United States. 23 All studies were performed between February 2020 and October 2022.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our qualitative analysis, 8 studies including 23,995 children and adolescents evaluated the effect of vaccination among vaccinated and unvaccinated pediatric individuals on post-COVID conditions. 11 , 12 , 19 – 24 Four studies evaluated VE in pediatric individuals vaccinated only before COVID-19 infection, 12 , 20 , 21 , 24 1 study evaluated VE for post-COVID conditions among those who were vaccinated after COVID-19 infection, 22 and 3 studies evaluated VE but did not specify the timing of the vaccine. 11 , 19 , 23 All 8 studies evaluated VE with at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six of the included studies did not show any benefit of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing post-COVID condition symptoms in children and adolescents. 11 , 12 , 19 – 21 , 24 One study showed that vaccination was protective against post-COVID-19 symptoms, 23 and 1 study did not report the benefit of COVID-19 vaccination. 22 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of post-COVID conditions in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Gutfreund,

Kobayashi,

Callado

et al. 2024

ASHE

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Objective: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against post-COVID conditions (long COVID) in the pediatric population. Design: Systematic literature review/meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 1, 2019, to August 14, 2023, for studies evaluating the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against post-COVID conditions among vaccinated individuals < 21 years old who received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine. A post-COVID condition was defined as any symptom that was present 4 or more weeks after COVID-19 infection. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (95% CI) for post-COVID conditions between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Results: Eight studies with 23,995 individuals evaluated the effect of vaccination on post-COVID conditions, of which 5 observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of children who did not receive COVID-19 vaccines ranged from 65% to 97%. The pooled prevalence of post-COVID conditions was 21.3% among those unvaccinated and 20.3% among those vaccinated at least once. The pooled DOR for post-COVID conditions among individuals vaccinated with at least 1 dose and those vaccinated with 2 doses were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.77–1.49) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63–1.08), respectively. Conclusions: A significant proportion of children and adolescents were unvaccinated, and the prevalence of post-COVID conditions was higher than reported in adults. While vaccination did not appear protective, conclusions were limited by the lack of randomized trials and selection bias inherent in observational studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of post-COVID conditions in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Gutfreund,

Kobayashi,

Callado

et al. 2024

ASHE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Risk factors for long COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rayner,

Wang,

et al. 2023

World J Pediatr

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Clinical manifestations and long-term symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection in children aged 0–17 years in Beijing: a single-center study

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveThe study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children aged 0–17 years with the Omicron variant, and summarize the persistent symptoms or new-onset clinical manifestations from 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID. Explore the association between the vaccination status and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels post infection among preschool-aged children. The comprehensive study systematically describes the clinical characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, providing a foundation for diagnosis and evaluating long-term COVID in pediatric populations.MethodsThe study enrolled children who were referred to the Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, (Beijing, China) from January 10, 2023 to March 31, 2023. Participants were classified as infant and toddlers, preschool, school-age, and adolescent groups. Children or their legal guardians completed survey questionnaires to provide information of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history, as well as clinical presentation during the acute phase and long-term symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks following infection. Furthermore, serum samples were collected from children with confirmed history of SARS-CoV-2 infection for serological testing of neutralizing antibodies.ResultsThe study recruited a total of 2,001 children aged 0–17 years who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid or antigen testing. Fever emerged as the predominant clinical manifestation in 1,902 (95.1%) individuals with body temperature ranging from 37.3 to 40.0°C. Respiratory symptoms were identified as secondary clinical manifestations, with cough being the most common symptom in 777 (38.8%) children, followed by sore throat (22.1%), nasal congestion (17.8%), and runnning nose (17.2%). Fatigue (21.6%), headache (19.8%) and muscle-joint pain (13.5%) were frequently reported systemic symptoms in children. The proportion of children with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection varied across age groups. 1,100 (55.0%) children experienced persistent symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks post the acute phase of infection. Trouble concentrating (22.1%), cough (22.1%), and fatigue (12.1%) were frequently reported across age groups in the extended period. A limited number of children exhibited cardiovascular symptoms with chest tightness, tachycardia, and chest pain reported by 3.5%, 2.5%, and 1.8% of children, respectively. Among 472 children aged 3–5 years, 208 children had received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at least 6 months prior to infection, and no association was found between the incidence of long-term COVID and pre-infection vaccination statuses among the 3–5 years age groups (χ2 = 1.136, P = 0.286).ConclusionsIn children aged 0–17 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, fever was the primary clinical manifestation in the acute phase, followed by respiratory symptoms, systemic non-specific and digestive presentations. In particular, respiratory and digestive system symptoms were more frequent in children aged above 6 years. Regarding the long-term symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks post-infection, the most common presentations were concentrating difficulty, cough, and fatigue. The incidence of persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 did not exhibit a significant correlation with vaccination status, which was attributed to the waning efficacy of the vaccine-induced humoral immune response after 6 months.

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Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of post-COVID conditions in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in the prevention of post-COVID conditions in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Risk factors for long COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical manifestations and long-term symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection in children aged 0–17 years in Beijing: a single-center study

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