Post-competition blood lactate concentrations in collegiate swimmers

Sawka, Michael N.; Knowlton, R. G.; Miles, D. S.; Critz, Jerry B.

doi:10.1007/bf00421656

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Peaks of [La] b were observed in distances ranging from 100 to 200 m. This is even consistent with the results of studies conducted on young competitive swimmers (Avlonitou 1996;Bonifazi et al 1993;Chatard et al 1988;Sawka et al 1979). In line with these findings is also the positive correlation found between [La] b and average speed achieved in the races, both in males and females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In line with these findings is also the positive correlation found between [La] b and average speed achieved in the races, both in males and females. It is also important to add that the [La] b values obtained from the present athletes are comparable to those measured in younger subjects for the same race/distance (Avlonitou 1996;Bonifazi et al 1993;Sawka et al 1979), in contrast to the general belief that in elderly lactate production is reduced (Foster et al 1986;Izquierdo et al 2001; among the others).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It has been previously reported that the highest values of [La] b are not obtained in training or during ad hoc organised testing, but following important competitions (Bonifazi et al 2000;Sawka et al 1979). For this purpose the present study was carried out during the world championships in the attempt to possibly ensure the best motivation and effort by the subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although this procedure was used previously (e.g. Bonifazi et al 1993;Sawka et al 1979), a lactate kinetics would have been more accurate for determining the peak of [La] b .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In swimming, most of the published data on post-competition or postmaximal effort [La] b are relative to young or adult athletes and have been collected during the most favourable competition period (Avlonitou 1996;Bonifazi et al 1993 andChatard et al 1988;McMaster et al 1989;Ribeiro et al 1990;Sawka et al 1979). By contrast studies on master swimmers are scarce and limited either for the small number of subjects involved (Reaburn and Mackinnon 1990), or for the aspects of performance investigated (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of post-competition peak blood lactate in male and female master swimmers aged 40–79 years and its relationship with swimming performance

et al. 2007

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The main purpose of this study was to measure the postcompetition blood lactate concentration ([La] b ) in master swimmers of both sexes aged between 40 and 79 years in order to relate it to age and swimming performance. One hundred and eight swimmers participating in the World Master Championships were assessed for [La] b and the average rate of lactate accumulation (La';mmol l -1 s -1 ) was calculated. In addition, 77 of them were also tested for anthropometric measures. When the subjects were divided into 10-year age groups, males exhibited higher [La] b than women (factorial ANOVA, P < 0.01) and a steeper decline with ageing than female subjects. Overall, mean values (SD) of [La] b were 10.8 (2.8), 10.3 (2.0), 10.3 (1.9), 8.9 (3.2) mmol l -1 in women, and 14.2 (2.5), 12.4 (2.5), 11.0 (1.6), 8.2 (2.0) mmol l -1 in men for, respectively, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 years' age groups. When, however, [La] b values were normalised for a ''speed index'', which takes into account swimming speed as a percentage of world record, these sex-related differences, although still present, were considerably attenuated. Furthermore, the differences in La' between males and females were larger in the 40-49 age group (0.34 vs 0.20 mmol l -1 s -1 for 50-m distance) than in the 70-79 age group (0.12 vs 0.14 mmol l -1 s -1 for 50-m distance). Different physiological factors, supported by the considered anthropometric measurements, are suggested to explain the results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although this procedure was used previously (e.g. Bonifazi et al 1993;Sawka et al 1979), a lactate kinetics would have been more accurate for determining the peak of [La] b .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of post-competition peak blood lactate in male and female master swimmers aged 40–79 years and its relationship with swimming performance

et al. 2007

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Adaptation of maximal aerobic and anaerobic tests for disabled swimmers

et al. 1995

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The purpose of the present study was to submit disabled swimmers to two maximal swimming tests, and by comparing the physiological and performance responses of disabled and normal swimmers to determine if these adapted tests can be used to design training programmes for this particular class of swimmer. Two groups of disabled (n = 8 and 6) and two groups of normal competitive swimmers (n = 9 and 13) were respectively submitted to a functional maximal aerobic power test (FMAPT) and a maximal anaerobic lactic test (MANLT). For the disabled, the FMAPT included a slower initial speed and a slower increase in swimming speeds. In the maximal aerobic test, exercise duration, peak heart rate, and the maximal speed relative to the respective best time of a 100-m race [55.5 (SD 3.9) compared to 56.5 (SD 2.8)%] were not significantly different between the disabled and normal swimmers. Peak lactate concentration was, however, higher in the disabled swimmers [10.8 (SD 3.5) compared to 6.8 (SD 1.6)mmol.l-1]. In the MNALT, peak lactate concentration [14.3 (SD 4) compared to 16.8 (SD 1.9)mmol.l-1], and the maximal speed relative to the respective best time in a 100-m race [99.1 (SD 3.2) compared to 98.3 (SD 2.5)%] were not significantly different between the disabled and normal swimmers. These results would seem to indicate that functional maximal aerobic and anaerobic field tests could be used to evaluate and design training programmes for disabled competitive swimmers.

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Blood lactate responses in older swimmers during active and passive recovery following maximal sprint swimming

Reaburn

Mackinnon

1990

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on three blood lactate parameters following maximal sprint swimming. The parameters examined were maximal blood lactate concentration, time to reach maximal blood lactate concentration, and half recovery time to baseline lactate concentration. These parameters were examined in 16 male competitive masters swimmers (n = 4 for each age group: 25-35, 36-45, 46-55, and 56 plus years) during both passive and active recovery following a maximal 100 m freestyle sprint. Passive recovery consisted of 60 min sitting in a comfortable chair and active recovery consisted of a 20-min swim at a self-selected pace. Capillary blood samples were obtained every 2 min up to 10 min of recovery then at regular intervals to the end of the recovery period. Curves of blood lactate concentration against time were drawn and the three parameters determined for each condition for each subject. There were no significant differences between age groups in any of the lactate parameters examined. A significant difference (P less than 0.05) was noted in each of the parameters between active and passive recovery over all age groups. As expected, active recovery produced lower maximal blood lactate concentrations, lower time to maximal blood lactate values, and lower half recovery times. These data suggest that intensive swimming training may prevent or delay the decline with age in the physiological factors affecting blood lactate values following a maximal sprint swim. Older sprint swimmers appeared to be capable of producing and removing lactic acid at the same rate as younger swimmers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Post-competition blood lactate concentrations in collegiate swimmers

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Assessment of post-competition peak blood lactate in male and female master swimmers aged 40–79 years and its relationship with swimming performance

Assessment of post-competition peak blood lactate in male and female master swimmers aged 40–79 years and its relationship with swimming performance

Adaptation of maximal aerobic and anaerobic tests for disabled swimmers

Blood lactate responses in older swimmers during active and passive recovery following maximal sprint swimming

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