Post-combustion emissions control in aero-gas turbine engines

Prashanth, Prakash; Speth, Raymond L.; Eastham, Sebastian D.; Sabnis, Jayant S.; Barrett, Steven R. H.

doi:10.1039/d0ee02362k

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…This increases to 49% at cruise altitudes during the Northern Hemisphere winter and 31% during the Northern Hemisphere summer. Further details on the contribution of aviation emissions to the NO x budget can be found in the supplementary material of reference [5]. Aviation-attributable SO x accounts for ∼5.0% of the total annual average atmospheric SO x mixing ratios at cruise altitudes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aviation emissions have an impact on both climate [1] and surface air quality [2,3]. It is estimated that commercial aviation is responsible for ∼3.5% (80.4 mWm −2 ) of all anthropogenic effective radiative forcing (RF) [4], and ∼24,000 premature mortalities each year [5] due to degraded air quality. The most important RF components from a climate perspective have been identified to be due to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), water vapor (H 2 O), aerosol (soot, sulfates, nitrates), and condensation trails (contrails) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the ∼4% annual rate of growth of the aviation industry [7] and the ∼3% increase in aviation CO 2 emissions annually [8] the mitigation strategies for reducing aviation CO 2 related radiative forcing in the near term are therefore mostly limited to use of sustainable aviation fuels, improving aircraft and engine efficiency, increasing operational efficiency and offsets. Aviation emissions of NO x and SO x , however may be amenable to reduction through other means-low sulfur fuel, combustor design modifications or the use of post-combustion emissions control technology [5] and therefore present a more immediate need to be characterized and quantified so that mitigation strategies can be appropriately formulated and analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

Prashanth

Eastham

Speth

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Aviation emissions are responsible for an estimated 24,000 premature mortalities annually and 3.5% of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF). Emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (NOx and SOx) contribute to these impacts. However, the relative contributions and mechanisms linking these emissions to formation and impacts of secondary aerosols (as opposed to direct aerosol emissions) have not been quantified, including how short-lived aerosol precursors at altitude can increase surface-level aerosol concentrations. We apply global chemistry transport modeling to identify and quantify the different chemical pathways to aerosol formation from aviation emissions, including the resulting impact on radiative forcing. We estimate a net aerosol radiative forcing of –8.3 mWm-2, of which –0.67 and –7.8 mWm-2 result from nitrate and sulfate aerosols respectively. We find that aviation NOx causes –1.7 mWm-2 through nitrate aerosol forcing but also –1.6 mWm-2 of sulfate aerosol forcing by promoting oxidation of SO2 to sulfate aerosol. This accounts for 21% of the total sulfate forcing, and oxidation of SO2 due to aviation NOx is responsible for 47% of the net aviation NOx attributable RF. Aviation NOx emissions in turn account for 41% of net aviation-aerosol-attributable RF (non-contrail). This is due to ozone-mediated oxidation of background sulfur and the “nitrate bounce-back" effect, which reduces the net impact of sulfur emissions. The ozone-mediated mechanism also explains the ability of cruise aviation emissions to significantly affect surface aerosol concentrations. We find that aviation NOx emissions cause 72% of aviation-attributable, near-surface aerosol loading by mass, compared to 27% from aviation SOx emissions and less than 0.1% from direct emission of black carbon. We conclude that aviation NOx and SOx emissions are the dominant cause of aviation-attributable secondary inorganic aerosol radiative forcing, and that conversion of background aerosol precursors at all altitudes is amplified by enhanced production of aviation attributable oxidants at cruise altitudes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

Prashanth

Eastham

Speth

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…For example, in aviation sector, major shift to nonpolluting fuel sources are unlikely in the near future. Conversion of aircraft to biofuels will reduce some GHG emissions but will still produce NO x and PM 2.5 (IEA, 2020a), although some of the new technologies proposed in latest studies can reduce these too (Prashanth et al., 2021). In the developed countries comprising the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), total energy consumption increased by more than a factor of 2.6 since 1971 (Wang & Wang, 2020), largely because of higher electricity demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Impact of a Clean Energy Society on Air Quality

Sanyal

Wuebbles

2022

Earth's Future

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Poor air quality has a significant negative impact on human health. Of particular concern globally are ground level concentrations of ozone (O 3 ) and fine particles, especially those smaller than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ). Conventional energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas (all referred to hereafter as fossil fuels), and associated products like gasoline and diesel fuel used in transportation, along with biomass burning, are major contributors to air pollution. The use of fossil fuels in energy production and transportation is also the most important contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, contributing >80% of the human-related emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and is a major source of methane (CH 4 ), the two gases of most concern to the changing climate (IPCC, 2013(IPCC, , 2018(IPCC, , 2021 NCA4, 2017NCA4, , 2018. This use of fossil fuels also contributes both directly (emitting primary particles like black carbon (BC)) and indirectly (emitting precursors for ozone and other particulates like sulfates and nitrates). Fossil fuel use is a major anthropogenic source of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and other gases and particles that contribute to air pollution levels. In much of the last century, these pollutants had significant impact on global human health, ranging from increased cardio-pulmonary disease to premature deaths (

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“…7,8 Aftertreatment only recently started to be considered for gas turbine engines. 9 High-efficiency ICEs can be designed with NH 3 preferably in a dual-fuel system, with H 2 10 or diesel 11 as the supporting fuel and jet-ignition or diesel-injection-ignition as the system to start combustion. In both cases, the load can be controlled diesel-engine-like by changing the amount of fuel injected.…”

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confidence: 99%

NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

Boretti¹,

Castelletto

2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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Post-combustion emissions control in aero-gas turbine engines

Abstract: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from aircraft cause air quality degradation and climate change. Use of ultra-low sulfur fuel along with post-combustion emissions control results in a net benefit of 304 USD per metric tonne of jet fuel burned.

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

The Potential Impact of a Clean Energy Society on Air Quality

NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

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Post-combustion emissions control in aero-gas turbine engines

Abstract: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from aircraft cause air quality degradation and climate change. Use of ultra-low sulfur fuel along with post-combustion emissions control results in a net benefit of 304 USD per metric tonne of jet fuel burned.

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions

The Potential Impact of a Clean Energy Society on Air Quality

NH3 Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

NH₃ Prospects in Combustion Engines and Fuel Cells for Commercial Aviation by 2030