Post‐challenge hyperglycaemia relates more strongly than fasting hyperglycaemia with carotid intima‐media thickness: the RIAD Study

Abstract

The RIAD study population at high risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, post-challenge hyperglycaemia was found to relate more strongly than fasting hyperglycaemia with carotid IMT.

Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Insulin Resistance, and Insulin Secretion in Individuals With Normal Glucose Tolerance and in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Regulation

“…By contrast, Heldgaard et al (19) found no differences in insulin resistance or insulin secretion between IFG and IGT populations (the combined IFG/IGT group was included in the IGT group). On the other side, in the Botnia study (32) and the Risk Factor in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Study (15), IGT was related to impaired insulin secretion and IFG to increased insulin resistance. In our study, we used the HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and McAuley indexes for the evaluation of insulin resistance.…”

“…Several studies have been performed searching for differences in CVD risk factors among IFG, IGT, and IFG/IGT subjects that could explain the increased cardiovascular risk in the IGT population (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Although in some of these studies IGT was more strongly associated with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (14,20), in general there are not substantial differences between IFG and IGT.…”

“…To explain a different prognostic value of IFG and IGT on the risk of diabetes and CVD, different studies have analyzed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, insulin sensitivity, and ␤-cell function among subjects with different categories of IGR (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, results have been discordant, and most studies were performed before the introduction of the 2003 ADA criteria.…”

High normal 2-hour plasma glucose is associated with insulin sensitivity and secretion that may predispose to type 2 diabetes

“…Furthermore, results from the Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative Analysis of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe (DECODE) study group showed that 2hPG was a better predictor of overall and CVD mortality than fasting plasma glucose when applied alone [17]. In addition, the Risk Factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study showed that 2hPG was associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, whereas fasting plasma glucose did not contribute to an increase in risk in multivariate analysis [18]. Thus, measurement of 2hPG may be necessary to more fully assess diabetes and CVD risk.…”

The threshold for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose: a position statement by the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group

“…The Risk factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study reported that the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (as a marker of atherosclerosis) in individuals with isolated IFG did not differ from that in controls with NGT, but that the IMT was greater in those with isolated IGT and combined IFG and IGT [16]. They also found that an FPG below 7.0 mmol/l was not related to IMT, but post-challenge glucose was predictive of IMT in individuals with IFG (6.1-7.0 mmol/l) and in those with normoglycaemia (FPG<6.1 mmol/l) [17]. Both the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging [18] and an Italian study [19] reported a higher prevalence of CHD risk factors among those with IGT but not among those with IFG alone, when compared with normoglycaemic individuals.…”