Post-17th-Century Changes of European Lead Emissions Recorded in High-Altitude Alpine Snow and Ice

Schwikowski, Margit; Barbante, Carlo; Doering, Thomas; Gaeggeler, H.; Boutron, Claude F.; Schotterer, U.; Tobler, L.; Velde, Katja Van de; Ferrari, Christophe; Cozzi, Giulio; Rosman, K.J.R.; Cescon, Paolo

doi:10.1021/es034715o

Cited by 108 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

106

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The drilling site is located in the accumulation area downstream of the Colle Gnifetti saddle, were many other ice core studies were conducted (e.g. Schotterer et al, 1985;Wagenbach et al, 1988;Schwikowski et al, 2004). Table 2.…”

Section: Ice Core Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Water stable isotope ratios and net snow accumulation in ice cores are commonly interpreted as temperature or precipitation proxies. However, only in a few cases has a direct calibration with instrumental data been attempted. In this study we took advantage of the dense network of observations in the European Alpine region to rigorously test the relationship of the annual and seasonal resolved proxy data from two highly resolved ice cores with local temperature and precipitation. We focused on the time period 1961-2001 with the highest amount and quality of meteorological data and the minimal uncertainty in ice core dating (±1 year). The two ice cores were retrieved from the Fiescherhorn glacier (northern Alps, 3900 m a.s.l.), and Grenzgletscher (southern Alps, 4200 m a.s.l.). A parallel core from the Fiescherhorn glacier allowed assessing the reproducibility of the ice core proxy data. Due to the orographic barrier, the two flanks of the Alpine chain are affected by distinct patterns of precipitation. The different location of the two glaciers therefore offers a unique opportunity to test whether such a specific setting is reflected in the proxy data. On a seasonal scale a high fraction of δ 18 O variability was explained by the seasonal cycle of temperature (∼ 60 % for the ice cores, ∼ 70 % for the nearby stations of the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation -GNIP). When the seasonality is removed, the correlations decrease for all sites, indicating that factors other than temperature such as changing moisture sources and/or precipitation regimes affect the isotopic signal on this timescale. Post-depositional phenomena may additionally modify the ice core data. On an annual scale, the δ 18 O/temperature relationship was significant at the Fiescherhorn, whereas for Grenzgletscher this was the case only when weighting the temperature with precipitation. In both cases the fraction of interannual temperature variability explained was ∼ 20 %, comparable to the values obtained from the GNIP stations data. Consistently with previous studies, we found an altitude effect for the δ 18 O of −0.17 ‰/100 m for an extended elevation range combining data of the two ice core sites and four GNIP stations. Significant correlations between net accumulation and precipitation were observed for Grenzgletscher during the entire period of investigation, whereas for Fiescherhorn this was the case only for the less recent period

show abstract

Section: Ice Core Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice cores extracted from the Alps proved to be valuable tools for the reconstruction of atmospheric pollutants and studies of their transport (e.g. Wagenbach et al, 1988;Schwikowski et al, 1999Schwikowski et al, , 2004. However, as mentioned before, the interpretation of the isotopic signal is not straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The snow geochemistry has become a topic of interest since Antarctica, Greenland and Arctic snow and ice trace elements research results were published (Candelone et al, 1996;Gabrielli et al, 2005a;Barbante et al, 2011;Barbante et al, 2003;Shotyk et al, 2005). The anthropogenic impact on trace elements distribution are investigated in the Andes (Correia et al, 2003) and some studies have been done next to urbanised areas in the European Alps (Van de Velde et al, 2000; Schwikowski et al, 2004). Snow as an indicator for urban air pollution is used in several studies (Dossi et al, 2007;Engelhard et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal contamination and distribution in the urban environment of Jelgava

Pilecka-Ulcugaceva¹,

Grīnfelde²,

Valujeva³

et al. 2017

Research for Rural Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing economy with following industrialization and urbanization has led to environmental contamination with trace elements worldwide. In urban environment, the large inputs of anthropogenic contaminants in atmosphere are arising from mobile and stationary sources. The snow sample analysis is one of methods to monitor air contamination with heavy metals in urban areas. The aim of this research is to analyse heavy metal contamination and distribution in urban environment of Jelgava city. The samples were collected twice in January and February. Snow samples were collected in 20 urban area sampling plots and one natural area sampling plot with three repetitions taken from 1.0 to 1.5 kg of snow. The concentration of trace elements was estimated in 126 melted and filtrated snow water using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP-OES). The average heavy metals and nutrients concentrations were calculated for each sample. The concentrations data of trace elements were analysed using agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. The results show differences between results in January and February. The differences are related to anthropogenic impact intensity differences during the exposition periods of snow. The clustering results of snow samples taken in January show three clusters, but snow samples taken in February show four clusters.

show abstract

“…The past atmospheric emission and deposition of HM in Europe have been investigated with peat cores (Ross-Barraclough and Shotyk, 2003;Weiss et al, 1999), lake sediments (Farmer et al, 1996;Petit et al, 1984), alpine ice cores Schwikowski et al, 2004), and tree rings (Watmough and Hutchinson, 2002). Atmospheric deposition of Cd increased since industrialization and was in 1970 about 36 times higher than before industrialization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling of the long term behaviour of cadmium, lead and mercury in Swiss forest soils using CHUM-AM

Rieder

Tipping

Zimmermann

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beat. 2014. Dynamic modelling of the long term behaviour of cadmium, lead and mercury in Swiss forest soils using CHUM-AM.Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. to predict metal concentrations in the soils for the next 1000 years. Assuming current loads concentrations of Cd and Pb showed varying trends (increasing/decreasing) between the soils. Soils rich in organic carbon or with a high pH value showed increasing trends in Cd and Pb concentrations whereas the concentrations in the other soils decreased.In contrast Hg concentrations are predicted to further increase in all soils. Critical limits for Pb and Hg will partly be exceeded by current loads or by the critical loads proposed by the CLRTAP but the critical limits for Cd will rarely be reached within the next 1000 years. In contrast, maximal acceptable deposition will partly lead to concentrations above the critical limits for Pb in soils within the next 400 years, whereas the acceptable deposition of Cd will not lead to concentrations above the proposed critical limits. In conclusion the CHUM-AM model is able to accurately simulate heavy metal (Cd, Pb and Hg) concentrations in Swiss forest soils of various soil properties.3

show abstract

Post-17th-Century Changes of European Lead Emissions Recorded in High-Altitude Alpine Snow and Ice

Cited by 108 publications

References 47 publications

Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001

Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001

Heavy metal contamination and distribution in the urban environment of Jelgava

Dynamic modelling of the long term behaviour of cadmium, lead and mercury in Swiss forest soils using CHUM-AM

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About