Possible way of zearalenone migration in the agricultural environment

Gromadzka, Karolina; Waśkiewicz, Agnieszka; Świetlik, J.; Bocianowski, Jan; Goliński, Piotr

doi:10.17221/115/2015-pse

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In non-covered soil, they analyzed a DON concentration of 9.1 ± 7.9 ng per g soil. Hartman et al [ 28 , 29 ] and Gromadzka et al [ 30 ] analyzed ZEA in topsoil and found amounts between 2.0 ± 0.7 and 25.5 ± 9.7 ng per g soil, respectively. The results show that our results are similar to those of Muñoz et al [ 27 ], Hartman et al [ 28 , 29 ], and Gromadzka et al [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hartman et al [ 28 , 29 ] and Gromadzka et al [ 30 ] analyzed ZEA in topsoil and found amounts between 2.0 ± 0.7 and 25.5 ± 9.7 ng per g soil, respectively. The results show that our results are similar to those of Muñoz et al [ 27 ], Hartman et al [ 28 , 29 ], and Gromadzka et al [ 30 ]. Our results clearly show that the described method can be used for soil samples with natural contents of DON and ZEA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hartman et al [ 28 , 29 ] analyzed ZEA in topsoil (0–10 cm) through Soxhlet extraction with pure methanol for 18 h and found up to 3.8 ng ZEA per g soil (LOQ 0.7 ng/g). Furthermore, Gromadzka et al [ 30 ] investigated the migration of ZEA in the agricultural environment and therefore examined ZEA contents by means of HPLC with fluorescence detection in wheat, corn, water, and soil. The soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile/water (90:10, v/v ) after grinding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in Soil Matrix

Kappenberg

Juraschek

2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxins, toxins of fungal origin, can directly or indirectly contaminate food and feed and are poisonous to livestock and humans. While a large amount is known about their occurrence in crops, food, and feeds, little is known about mycotoxin amounts in soil. However, soil is known as a major fungal habitat and a potential sink for mycotoxins in the environment. Furthermore, there is neither a reliable detection nor an extraction method for mycotoxins testing in different soil textures or for potential deficits due to aging processes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to present a reliable extraction and detection method for the simultaneous quantification of the most common mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA), via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). This method was validated with six different samples with different textures and different soil organic matter (SOM). Deuterated standards were used to overcome possible matrix effects. This extraction method could eliminate potential aging processes. The recovery rate was always >80% for DON and >82% for ZEA. The quantification limits were 1 ng per g soil for DON and 0.5 ng per g soil for ZEA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in Soil Matrix

Kappenberg

Juraschek

2021

Toxins

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“…ZEA content was determined by the UHPLC (Infinity 1260, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) technique with a tandem quadruple mass spectrometry detector (QQQ 6410). Before analysis, samples of grains (2.5 g) and hypocotyls (2 g) were ground into powder and extracted with acetonitrile/water (90:10, v/v ) according to Gromadzka et al [ 49 ], with modifications per the findings of Luo et al [ 50 ]. The extract was shaken for 1 h on a rotary shaker (RL-2020, JW_Electronic, Warsaw, Poland), and after filtration it was purified on a Bond Elut Mycotoxin column (45 mm/1000 mg, part No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy in Studies of the Protective Effects of 24-Epibrasinoide and Selenium against Zearalenone-Stimulation of the Oxidative Stress in Germinating Grains of Wheat

Filek

Łabanowska

Kurdziel

et al. 2017

Toxins

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These studies concentrate on the possibility of using selenium ions and/or 24-epibrassinolide at non-toxic levels as protectors of wheat plants against zearalenone, which is a common and widespread mycotoxin. Analysis using the UHPLC-MS technique allowed for identification of grains having the stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive wheat genotype. When germinating in the presence of 30 µM of zearalenone, this mycotoxin can accumulate in both grains and hypocotyls germinating from these grains. Selenium ions (10 µM) and 24-epibrassinolide (0.1 µM) introduced together with zearalenone decreased the uptake of zearalenone from about 295 to 200 ng/g and from about 350 to 300 ng/g in the grains of tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. As a consequence, this also resulted in a reduction in the uptake of zearalenone from about 100 to 80 ng/g and from about 155 to 128 ng/g in the hypocotyls from the germinated grains of tolerant and sensitive wheat, respectively. In the mechanism of protection against the zearalenone-induced oxidative stress, the antioxidative enzymes—mainly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)—were engaged, especially in the sensitive genotype. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies allowed for a description of the chemical character of the long-lived organic radicals formed in biomolecular structures which are able to stabilize electrons released from reactive oxygen species as well as the changes in the status of transition paramagnetic metal ions. The presence of zearalenone drastically decreased the amount of paramagnetic metal ions—mainly Mn(II) and Fe(III)—bonded in the organic matrix. This effect was particularly found in the sensitive genotype, in which these species were found at a smaller level. The protective effect of selenium ions and 24-epibrassinolide originated from their ability to inhibit the destruction of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species. An increased ability to defend biomolecules against zearalenone action was observed for 24-epibrassinolide.

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“…A synthetic derivative and metabolite of Zen, alpha-zearalanol (Zer), is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved agent commonly used as a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter in livestock in the USA; however, it has been banned in many countries [ 2 ]. Through activities such as agricultural migration and direct washout from manure, these compounds and their metabolites (collectively referred to as “zeranols”; Supplemental Figure S1 ) can contaminate environmental matrices [ 3 , 4 ]. The frequency and magnitude of Zen contamination is expected to increase due to changes in global temperatures as a result of climate change [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of four liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platforms for the analysis of zeranols in urine

et al. 2023

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Targeted biomonitoring studies quantifying the concentration of zeranols in biological matrices have focused on liquid chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The MS platform for measurement, quadrupole, time-of-flight (ToF), ion trap, etc., is often chosen based on either sensitivity or selectivity. An instrument performance comparison of the benefits and limitations using matrix-matched standards containing 6 zeranols on 4 MS instruments, 2 low-resolution (linear ion traps), and 2 high-resolution (Orbitrap and ToF) was undertaken to identify the best measurement platform for multiple biomonitoring projects characterizing the endocrine disruptive properties of zeranols. Analytical figures of merit were calculated for each analyte to compare instrument performance across platforms. The calibration curves had correlation coefficients r = 0.989 ± 0.012 for all analytes and LODs and LOQs were ranked for sensitivity: Orbitrap > LTQ > LTQXL > G1 (V mode) > G1 (W mode). The Orbitrap had the smallest measured variation (lowest %CV), while the G1 had the highest. Instrumental selectivity was calculated using full width at half maximum (FWHM) and as expected, the low-resolution instruments had the broadest spectrometric peaks, concealing coeluting peaks under the same mass window as the analyte. Multiple peaks from concomitant ions, unresolved at low resolution (within a unit mass window), were present but did not match the exact mass predicted for the analyte. For example, the high-resolution platforms were able to differentiate between a concomitant peak at 319.1915 from the analyte at 319.1551, included in low-resolution quantitative analyses demonstrating the need to consider coeluting interfering ions in biomonitoring studies. Finally, a validated method using the Orbitrap was applied to human urine samples from a pilot cohort study.

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Possible way of zearalenone migration in the agricultural environment

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Development of a LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in Soil Matrix

Development of a LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of the Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEA) in Soil Matrix

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy in Studies of the Protective Effects of 24-Epibrasinoide and Selenium against Zearalenone-Stimulation of the Oxidative Stress in Germinating Grains of Wheat

A comparison of four liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platforms for the analysis of zeranols in urine

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