Possible Water Vapor Condensation in Rocket Exhaust Plumes

Wu, Benjamin J. C.

doi:10.2514/3.60440

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In both the cases, the observed glow is caused by solar emission scattered by dispersion particles existing in the jet. In liquid rocket engines, dispersion particles are formed due to condensation of water vapor [Wu, 1975;Platov, Kosch, 2003] under their fast expansion and cooling after leaving the nozzle. Brightness distribution depends on the nature of supersonic exhaust jet and on the process of ice particle formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters of optical signals registered with the AZT-33IK telescope in active Radar–Progress space experiment

Еселевич¹,

Еселевич

Хахинов³

et al. 2016

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Images of Progress cargo spacecraft (PCS) and areas around them were captured by the AZT-33IK optical telescope (Sayan Observatory of ISTP SB RAS) during sessions of the active Radar–Progress space experiment. We took images of exhaust and fuel jets when propulsion systems worked and after they were cut off, during fuel system purging. In different sessions of the experiment, PCS had different orientations relative to the telescope, thus enabling us to find some parameters of the observed phenomena. These parameters allow us to determine instants of engine ignitions, to estimate velocities of the jets, and, if necessary, to control geometry of the space experiment. The paper reports common features of optical signals from jets measured in these experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters of optical signals registered with the AZT-33IK telescope in active Radar–Progress space experiment

Еселевич¹,

Еселевич

Хахинов³

et al. 2016

Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…Analysis of visible signals indicated that condensed exhaust plume water vapor was able to produce large solar scattering signals. 7 Condensation was estimated to have occurred at about 45 m downstream of the nozzle exit. Kung et al 8 calibrated and reduced the raw photographic data and used a semi-empirical version of condensation theory to predict ice particle condensation and size distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of carbon dioxide condensation in the high pressure flows using the statistical BGK approach

Kumar

Levin

2011

Physics of Fluids

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In this work, we propose a new heat accommodation model to simulate freely expanding homogeneous condensation flows of gaseous carbon dioxide using a new approach, the statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method. The motivation for the present work comes from the earlier work of Li et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 114, 5276 (2010)] in which condensation models were proposed and used in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to simulate the flow of carbon dioxide from supersonic expansions of small nozzles into near-vacuum conditions. Simulations conducted for stagnation pressures of one and three bar were compared with the measurements of gas and cluster number densities, cluster size, and carbon dioxide rotational temperature obtained by Ramos et al. [Phys. Rev. A 72, 3204 (2005)]. Due to the high computational cost of direct simulation Monte Carlo method, comparison between simulations and data could only be performed for these stagnation pressures, with good agreement obtained beyond the condensation onset point, in the farfield. As the stagnation pressure increases, the degree of condensation also increases; therefore, to improve the modeling of condensation onset, one must be able to simulate higher stagnation pressures. In simulations of an expanding flow of argon through a nozzle, Kumar et al. [AIAA J. 48, 1531 (2010)] found that the statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method provides the same accuracy as direct simulation Monte Carlo method, but, at one half of the computational cost. In this work, the statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method was modified to account for internal degrees of freedom for multi-species polyatomic gases. With the computational approach in hand, we developed and tested a new heat accommodation model for a polyatomic system to properly account for the heat release of condensation. We then developed condensation models in the framework of the statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method. Simulations were found to agree well with the experiment for all stagnation pressure cases (1-5 bar), validating the accuracy of the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook based condensation model in capturing the physics of condensation.

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“…Analysis of visible signals indicated that condensed exhaust plume water vapor was able to produce large solar scattering signals. 3 Laboratory measurements, in contrast to space observations, provide a better source of data to validate the gas dynamics of a condensating supersonic expansion. We mention here only a few of the important laboratory data sets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic nucleation model for free expanding water condensation plume simulations

Zhong

Levin

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Recent direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations of homogeneous condensation in free expansion water plumes [Z. Li, J. Zhong, D. A. Levin, and B. Garrison, AIAA J. 47, 1241 (2009)] show that the nucleation rate is a key factor for accurately modeling condensation phenomenon. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a free expansion to explore the microscopic mechanisms of water dimer formation and develop collision models required by DSMC. Bimolecular and termolecular dimer cluster formation mechanisms are considered and the former is found to be the main mechanism in expanding flows to vacuum. MD simulations between two water molecules using the simple point charge intermolecular potential were performed to predict the bimolecular dimer formation probability and the probability was found to decrease with collision energy. The formation probabilities and postcollisional velocity and energy distributions were then integrated into DSMC simulations of a free expansion of an orifice condensation plume with different chamber stagnation temperatures and pressures. The dimer mole fraction was found to increase with distance from the orifice and become constant after a distance of about two orifice diameters. Similar to experiment, the terminal dimer mole fraction was found to decrease with chamber stagnation temperatures and increase linearly with chamber stagnation pressures which is consistent with a bimolecular nucleation mechanism.

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Possible Water Vapor Condensation in Rocket Exhaust Plumes

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Parameters of optical signals registered with the AZT-33IK telescope in active Radar–Progress space experiment

Parameters of optical signals registered with the AZT-33IK telescope in active Radar–Progress space experiment

Modeling of carbon dioxide condensation in the high pressure flows using the statistical BGK approach

Kinetic nucleation model for free expanding water condensation plume simulations

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