Possible Use of Treated Wastewater as Irrigation Water at Urban Green Area

Abstract

Ever increasing demands for fresh water resources have brought the reuse of treated wastewater into agendas. Wastewater has year-long potential to be used as an irrigation water source. Therefore, treated wastewater is used as irrigation water over agricultural lands and urban landscapes, as process water in industrial applications, as back-up water in environmental applications in water resources and wetlands of dry regions. The present study was conducted to investigate the possible use of domestic wastewater treated through pilot-scale constructed wetland of Adana-Karaisalı with dominant Mediterranean climate in irrigation of marigold (Tagetes erecta), commonly used over urban landscapes. Experiments were carried out between the dates May-November 2008 for 7 months with fresh water and treated wastewater. Plant growth parameters (plant height, plant diameter, number of branches) and flowering parameters (number of flowers, flower diameter, flower pedicle thickness) were monitored in monthly basis. Results revealed positive impacts of treated wastewater irrigations on plant growth during the initial 5 months between May-September but negative impacts in October and November. Similarly, treated wastewater irrigations had positive impacts on flowering parameters during the initial 3 months but had negative impacts during the subsequent 4 months. Such a case indicated shortened visual efficiencies of marigold. Therefore, treated wastewater can be used as an alternative water resource in irrigation of annual flowers, but better results can be attained by mixing treated wastewater with fresh water at certain ratios.

Recycled Wastewater and Reverse Osmosis Brine Use for Halophytes Irrigation: Differences in Physiological, Nutritional and Hormonal Responses of Crithmum maritimum and Atriplex halimus Plants

“…Agriculture is the largest user of water supplies, consuming over 70% of the abstracted freshwater globally [4]. In recent years, wastewater reclamation, recycling and reuse has gained attention in many Agronomy 2021, 11, 627 2 of 17 countries, to ensure water security and to develop effective strategies for sustainable utilization of water resources in agricultural and landscape irrigation [5][6][7][8]. This kind of water is recovered from domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewater treatment plants and it may have specific treatments depending of its purpose [9].…”

Moringa oleifera Seed Treated Sanitized Water Effect on Growth and Morpho-physiology of Commonly Consumed Vegetables of Malaysia

“…Kumar & Reddy (2007) reported that Tomato plants produced significantly the highest numbers of branches treated with non-treated wastewater over control treatment. On the other hand production of increased numbers of branches in Tea plants have been reported after irrigation with treated wastewater over fresh water irrigation (Bozdogan, 2015). In table (4) also presented the root length of different plant species that were affected by varied water treatments.…”

Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change

“…2) Urban reuse: recreational sidewalks and irrigation of parks, ponds, lakes, playgrounds, plazas, highway medians, and residential landscapes [71,72] .…”