Possible strategy for the survival of marine bacteria under starvation conditions

Novitsky, James A.; Morita, Richard Y.

doi:10.1007/bf00397156

Cited by 165 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Experimental data from the subsurface trap sample were in keeping with the view that surface-derived bacteria, settling through the water column with the flux of particulate matter, are severely limited in their activities at first by low temperature and at increasing depths by the combined extremes of low temperature and elevated pressure. Although reduced availability of utilizable energy sources may also limit surface-derived bacteria at great depth in the sea (Novitsky & Morita 1978), results of experiments with such bactena in this study indicate that restrictions imposed on their growth by deep-sea temperature and pressure cannot be overcome by the introduction of fresh energy sources in the form of yeast extract. It was not surprising that no bacteria were isolated in pure culture from the near-surface trap sample when deep-sea incubation conditions of 3°C and 410 atm and an enriched culturing medium were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Bacterial growth in deep-sea sediment trap and boxcore samples

Jiang¹

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This study was to determine whether heterotrophic bacteria associated with deep-sea particulates are adapted more to the moderate temperatures and pressures of surface waters or to the extremes of the deep sea, and how such microorganisms respond to substrate enrichment. Samples of sinking particulates, fecal pellets, and deposited sediments were collected in bottom-moored sediment traps and boxcores at station depths of 1850, 4120, and 4715 m in the North Atlantic. Homogenized seawater suspensions of samples were incubated for 2 to 7 d under both shallow and deep-sea temperatures and pressures, with and without substrate enrichment (yeast extract or chitin). Increases in total bacterial number or percent dividing cells were measured by epifluorescence microscopy. Probable origins of bacteria in a given sample were evaluated according to temperature and pressure regimes affording bacterial growth. With a few exceptions, results indicated a predominance of shallow water bacteria in sediment-trap, but not boxcore, samples and an increasingly significant fraction of deep-sea bactena, adapted to low temperature and elevated pressure, in fecal pellet samples trapped at increasing depth. Under deep-sea conditions, bacterial doubling times in sediment core samples were weeks or months, regardless of substrate enrichment, while in some trap samples were days (>1.5) without enrichment, and hours (7.4 to 14) with enrichment. Doubling times of barophilic bacteria, isolated in pure culture from the deeper trap and core samples, ranged from 6 to 13 h under in situ temperature and pressure. These findings suggest that particulate organic matter, prior to its burial in abyssal sediments, is altered by indigenous, deep-sea bacteria, some of which are capable of rapid activity at low temperature and elevated pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Bacterial growth in deep-sea sediment trap and boxcore samples

Jiang¹

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…(halflife > 250 days) (Novitsky and Morita 1978). The presence of purple membranecontaining bacteriorhodopsin in at least part of the halobacterial population in the Dead Sea (Oren 1983a;Oren and Shilo 1981) may have permitted the bacteria to use light as a source of maintenance energy, thus prolonging their viability under nutrient starvation (Brock and Petersen 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of halobacteria in the Dead Sea water column1

Oren

1983

Limnology & Oceanography

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A bloom of halobacteria in the Dead Sea is described, and the factors triggering its rise and decline are analyzed. The bloom developed in summer 1980, reaching population densities of up to 1.9 X lo7 cells.ml-l and imparting a red color to the water. The bloom was restricted to the upper lo-25 m of the water column. After a sharp decrease in cell numbers during the last months of 1980 the population density stabilized at values of around 5 X 10fi cells.ml-' surface water for more than a year. Enrichment experiments performed during that period showed that the nutrients limiting bacterial development were phosphate and suitable carbon sources. The turnover of phosphate appeared to be extremely slow (estimated turnover times as long as 240-1,200 days), suggesting that the population, a significant part of which proved viable, existed in a state of very little activity.

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“…On the other hand, copiotrophic bacteria (Poindexter, 1981b) require higher nutrient levels for growth. These bacteria survive in oligotrophic waters by becoming inactive and forming small starved cells (Novitsky and Morita, 1978) or by taking advantage of nutrients accumulating, for example, at interfaces (Kjelleberg et al, 1982). Our direct counts and ATP measurements estimated the total bacterial biomass while the viable counts and the determination of degradation potential dealt mainly with copiotrophic bacteria, responding to nutrients in the medium and increasing the cell volume.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Investigations of Surface Microlayers, Water Column, Ice and Sediment in the Arctic Ocean

Dahlbäck¹,

Gunnarsson²,

Hermansson³

et al. 1982

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A microbiological study was conducted in the area north and northeast of Svalbard, Arctic Ocean. Samples were taken in surface microlayers, ice, water column (down to 300 m) and sediment (maximum depth 3920 m). ATP-content in the upper 100 m was between 8 and 80 ng I-'; total bacterial numbers varied between 0.4 and 4.4 105 ml-l. Ice-samples contained high amounts of ATP (max. 120 ng I-'). Bacteria accumulated at the air-sea interface (surface microlayers) at concentrations 130 to 300 times those in subsurface water Viable counts in the sediment ranged between 100 and 3 . 105 cm-3.The degradation potential of 716 bacterial isolates was measured with 6 different media. A capacity index, c,, measuring the capacity of a group of isolates to degrade certain substrates was determined for the various strata. Bacterial sulfate reduction was measurable in the sediment at the 3 shallowest stations. The data are discussed and compared to those obtained in other marine environments.

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Possible strategy for the survival of marine bacteria under starvation conditions

Cited by 165 publications

References 12 publications

Bacterial growth in deep-sea sediment trap and boxcore samples

Bacterial growth in deep-sea sediment trap and boxcore samples

Population dynamics of halobacteria in the Dead Sea water column1

Microbial Investigations of Surface Microlayers, Water Column, Ice and Sediment in the Arctic Ocean

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