Possible Roles of Mannoproteins in the Construction of Candida Albicans Cell Wall

Sentandreu, Rafael; Elorza, M. Victoria; Mormeneo, Salvador; Sanjuan, Raquel; Iranzo, Marı́a

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2834-0_14

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similarly, the yeast-to-mycelium transition in C. albicans can also be envisaged as a cell differentiation process. These observations support the contention that HMWM are not mere passive components of the cell wall but may play an important and active morphogenetic role in modulating the organization of the remainder of the cell wall constituents to obtain the final supramolecular structure specific for each morphology (327,(479)(480)(481)(482).…”

Section: Morphology-associated Proteinssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…It is suggested that ␤-1,3-and ␤-1,6-glucans are linked to proteins by phosphodiester linkages, a process that may involve the participation of a GPI (glycosyl phosphatidylinositol) anchor (238) (see below). Protein and mannoprotein species that are released only after digestion of the glucan cell wall network with ␤-glucanases may play a key role in configuring the final cell wall structure characteristic of each growth form (yeast and mycelium) of C. albicans (453,(479)(480)(481)(482). Interactions between glyco(manno)proteins and chitin also appear to exist in the wall of C. albicans cells as deduced from two lines of evidence: (i) chitinase treatment of isolated cell walls solubilizes protein moieties, and (ii) the kinetics of incorporation of protein and mannoprotein constituents into the walls of regenerating protoplasts is altered in the presence of nikkomycin, an antibiotic that blocks chitin synthesis (124,319).…”

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall and Secreted Proteins ofCandida albicans: Identification, Function, and Expression

Chaffin

López-Ribot

Casanova

et al. 1998

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

655

344

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SUMMARY The cell wall is essential to nearly every aspect of the biology and pathogenicity of Candida albicans. Although it was intially considered an almost inert cellular structure that protected the protoplast against osmotic offense, more recent studies have demonstrated that it is a dynamic organelle. The major components of the cell wall are glucan and chitin, which are associated with structural rigidity, and mannoproteins. The protein component, including both mannoprotein and nonmannoproteins, comprises some 40 or more moieties. Wall proteins may differ in their expression, secretion, or topological location within the wall structure. Proteins may be modified by glycosylation (primarily addition of mannose residues), phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Among the secreted enzymes are those that are postulated to have substrates within the cell wall and those that find substrates in the extracellular environment. Cell wall proteins have been implicated in adhesion to host tissues and ligands. Fibrinogen, complement fragments, and several extracellular matrix components are among the host proteins bound by cell wall proteins. Proteins related to the hsp70 and hsp90 families of conserved stress proteins and some glycolytic enzyme proteins are also found in the cell wall, apparently as bona fide components. In addition, the expression of some proteins is associated with the morphological growth form of the fungus and may play a role in morphogenesis. Finally, surface mannoproteins are strong immunogens that trigger and modulate the host immune response during candidiasis.

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Section: Morphology-associated Proteinssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall and Secreted Proteins ofCandida albicans: Identification, Function, and Expression

Chaffin

López-Ribot

Casanova

et al. 1998

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

655

344

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen fungus in humans with increasing incidence [1], mainly in immunocompromised patients [2]. C. albicans is a polymorphic organism capable of reproducing by budding (yeast cells) or by producing ¢lamentous forms (mycelial cells) depending upon environmental factors [1]; this morphological transition has been associated with pathogenicity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aCandida albicansgene encoding a putative transcriptional factor required for cell wall integrity

Moreno

Pedreño

Maicas

et al. 2003

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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After screening a Candida albicans genome database the product of an open reading frame (ORF) (CA2880) with 49% homology to the product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPL133c, a putative transcriptional factor, was identified. The disruption of the C. albicans gene leads to a major sensitivity to calcofluor white and Congo red, a minor sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, a major resistance to zymolyase, and an alteration of the chemical composition of the cell wall. For these reasons we called it CaCWT1 (for C. albicans cell wall transcription factor). CaCwt1p contains a putative Zn(II) Cys(6) DNA binding domain characteristic of some transcriptional factors and a PAS domain. The CaCWT1 gene is more expressed in stationary phase cells than in cells growing exponentially. To our knowledge, this is the first Zn(II) Cys(6) transcriptional factor-encoding gene implicated in the cell wall architecture.

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“…Furthermore, C. albicans is a dimorphic organism, which exists as unicellular budding yeast (blastoconidia) or as mycelial structures (hyphae and/or pseudohyphae). Morphological transition has been associated with pathogenicity, and the mycelial forms seem to be predominant during host tissue colonization (22,(27)(28)(29). In recent years, trehalose metabolism has been intensively investigated in C. albicans in connection with dimorphism and as a possible contributory factor to its virulence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATC1 Gene Encodes a Cell Wall-linked Acid Trehalase Required for Growth on Trehalose in Candida albicans

Pedreño

Maicas

Argüelles

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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After screening a Candida albicans genome data base, the product of an open reading frame (IPF 19760/ CA2574) with 41% identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar acid trehalase (Ath1p) was identified and named Atc1p. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that Atc1p contains an N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide and 20 potential sites for N-glycosylation. C. albicans homozygous mutants that lack acid trehalase activity were constructed by gene disruption at the two ATC chromosomal alleles. Analysis of these null mutants shows that Atc1p is localized in the cell wall and is required for growth on trehalose as a carbon source. An Atc1p endowed with acid trehalase activity was obtained by an in vtro transcription-translation coupled system. These results strongly suggest that ATC1 is the structural gene encoding cell wall acid trehalase in C. albicans. Determinations of ATC1 mRNA expression as well as acid trehalase activity in the presence and absence of glucose point out that ATC1 gene is regulated by glucose repression.

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Possible Roles of Mannoproteins in the Construction of Candida Albicans Cell Wall

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Cell Wall and Secreted Proteins ofCandida albicans: Identification, Function, and Expression

Cell Wall and Secreted Proteins ofCandida albicans: Identification, Function, and Expression

Characterization of aCandida albicansgene encoding a putative transcriptional factor required for cell wall integrity

The ATC1 Gene Encodes a Cell Wall-linked Acid Trehalase Required for Growth on Trehalose in Candida albicans

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