Possible Roles for Mannitol and Mannitol Dehydrogenase in the Biotrophic Plant Pathogen<i>Uromyces fabae</i>

Voegele, Ralf T.; Hahn, Matthias; Lohaus, Gertrud; Link, Tobias; Heiser, Ingrid; Mendgen, Kurt

doi:10.1104/pp.104.051839

Cited by 139 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…All four polyols have been detected in some Aspergillus species (Beever & Laracy, 1986;Nesci et al, 2004) and in C. sake (Abadias et al, 2000). In addition to their use as compatible solutes, polyols can also serve as carbon storage compounds, they may help in balancing the cellular redox potential (Diano et al, 2006), and they can act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (Voegele et al, 2005). At optimal growth salinity, H. werneckii accumulated a mix of polyols with different lengths of carbon backbone (from three to six atoms) in various ratios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic adaptation of the halophilic fungus Hortaea werneckii: role of osmolytes and melanization

et al. 2007

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This study was intended to determine the osmoadaptation strategy of Hortaea werneckii, an extremely salt-tolerant melanized ascomycetous fungus that can grow at 0-5.1 M NaCl. It has been shown previously that glycerol is the major compatible solute in actively growing H. werneckii. This study showed that the exponentially growing cells also contained erythritol, arabitol and mannitol at optimal growth salinities, but only glycerol and erythritol at maximal salinities. The latter two were both demonstrated to be major compatible solutes in H. werneckii, as their decrease correlated with the severity of hypoosmotic shock. Besides higher amounts of erythritol and lower amounts of glycerol, stationary-phase cells also contained mycosporineglutaminol-glucoside, which might act as a complementary compatible solute. H. werneckii is constitutively melanized under various salinity conditions. Ultrastructural study showed localization of melanin in the outer parts of the cell wall as a distinct layer at optimal salinity (0.86 M NaCl), whereas cell-wall melanization diminished at higher salinities. The role of melanized cell wall in the effective retention of glycerol is already known, and was also demonstrated in H. werneckii by lower retention of glycerol in cells with blocked melanization compared to melanized cells. However, these non-melanized cells compensated for the lower amounts of glycerol with higher amounts of erythritol and arabitol. We hypothesize that H. werneckii melanization is effective in reducing the permeability of its cell wall to its major compatible solute glycerol, which might be one of the features that helps it tolerate a wider range of salt concentrations than most organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic adaptation of the halophilic fungus Hortaea werneckii: role of osmolytes and melanization

et al. 2007

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“…By contrast, the vast ecological host ranges of even individual isolates of generalist pathogens like B. cinerea do not readily fit into the assumptions of this mechanistic model, as this pathogen can simply evade any new resistance mechanism by moving to another equally suitable plant host. While some molecules, such as chitin and mannitol, can trigger PTI to provide resistance against generalist fungi, it is not fully understood how generalist pathogens fit into the intricate host/pathogen coevolution assumption foundational to ETI/PTI (Voegele et al, 2005;Staal et al, 2008;Stergiopoulos and de Wit, 2009;Liu et al, 2012;Meena et al, 2015;Patel and Williamson, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Transcriptomes Stabilize Immunity to Pathogen Diversity: The Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Networks within the Arabidopsis/Botrytis Pathosystem

et al. 2017

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To respond to pathogen attack, selection and associated evolution has led to the creation of plant immune system that are a highly effective and inducible defense system. Central to this system are the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) and crosstalk between the two, which may play an important role in defense responses to specific pathogens or even genotypes. Here, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea pathosystem to test how the host's defense system functions against genetic variation in a pathogen. We measured defense-related phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and JA-and SA-signaling mutants, coi1-1 and npr1-1, individually challenged with 96 diverse B. cinerea isolates. Those data showed genetic variation in the pathogen influences on all components within the plant defense system at the transcriptional level. We identified four gene coexpression networks and two vectors of defense variation triggered by genetic variation in B. cinerea. This showed that the JA and SA signaling pathways functioned to constrain/canalize the range of virulence in the pathogen population, but the underlying transcriptomic response was highly plastic. These data showed that plants utilize major defense hormone pathways to buffer disease resistance, but not the metabolic or transcriptional responses to genetic variation within a pathogen.

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“…Polyol accumulation during infection has also been reported in cucumber and sunflower (Abood and Losel, 2003;Jobic et al, 2007). Voegele et al (2005) reported that mannitol accumulation in broad bean after fungal infection is due to fungal mannitol dehydrogenase, which could be related to carbon storage for the fungal pathogen and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important in plant defense reactions. Because broad bean does not normally synthesize and use mannitol, this strategy of the fungal pathogen could be effective for pathogenicity.…”

Section: Polyols In Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles of Polyols in Horticultural Crops

Kanayama

2009

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Sucrose is generally considered the primary photosynthate in plants; however, many horticultural crops, including rosaceous fruit trees, synthesize and use polyols (sugar alcohols). This review describes recent progress in physiological research on the metabolism and transport of sorbitol in rosaceous fruit trees, and of mannitol, another common polyol, in horticultural crops. Studies on various polyols other than sorbitol (in rosaceous fruit trees) and mannitol are then described. Polyols play a role not only in the translocation and storage of photosynthates but also in biotic and abiotic responses in many horticultural crops; therefore, this review also provides insights into the effects of polyol metabolism on the biochemical mechanisms of pathogenicity and environmental stress tolerance, including a novel strategy for engineering stress tolerance.

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Possible Roles for Mannitol and Mannitol Dehydrogenase in the Biotrophic Plant PathogenUromyces fabae

Cited by 139 publications

References 47 publications

Osmotic adaptation of the halophilic fungus Hortaea werneckii: role of osmolytes and melanization

Osmotic adaptation of the halophilic fungus Hortaea werneckii: role of osmolytes and melanization

Plastic Transcriptomes Stabilize Immunity to Pathogen Diversity: The Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Networks within the Arabidopsis/Botrytis Pathosystem

Physiological Roles of Polyols in Horticultural Crops

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