Possible Role of Phenolics and Flavonoids in Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Thrombolytic Activities of Eclipta prostata L.

Abstract

Eclipta prostata (E. prostata) L, is a herbal medicinal plant, which is reported to contain phenolics and flavonoids, but very little is known about its bioactive potentials. In this report, we reexamined the phenols and flavonoid content and evaluated different bioactivities of organic soluble fractions from the shoots of E. prostata for the first time. Among the extractives, chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) possessed the highest content of phenols (156.03 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dry extract) and flavonoids (67.47 ± 0.56 mg quercetin equivalent /g of dry extract) and exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties in terms of total antioxidant capacity (198.71 ± 0.89 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) and DPPH free radical scavenging ability (IC50; 17.68 ± 0.32 μg/ml). Similarly, CSF showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 16.03±0.23 μg/ml, and thrombolytic activity with 36.06 ± 0.39% clot lysis. A significant correlation was observed between flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity (r2 = 0.894, p < 0.05), while high correlation was seen between polyphenols and flavonoid content with free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity (r2 = 0.612 - 0.928). These findings suggest that E. prostata is a precious source of polyphenols having potential bioactivities, which could be utilized for the management of lifestyle diseases. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2): 164-174, 2022 (July)

Assessment of the Chemical Profile and Potential Medical Effects of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Eclipta prostrata L. Collected in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

“…However, in this research, salicylic acid (8), which is a phenolic component, accounts for the highest level in this herb, reaching 7912.08 ± 0.03 µg/g. Salicylic acid is widely distributed in many plants and has been used to relieve pain, reduce fever and prevent heart attack and stroke.…”

“…In addition, the EPL extract exhibited lower anti-oxidant ability, with an IC 50 value of 79.9 ± 0.9 µg/mL in comparison with that of ascorbic acid (23.0 ± 0.4 µg/mL) in the ABTS assay. In comparison, the anti-oxidant activity of EPL was found to be lower than that of vitamin C by 2 to 10 times in some studies [7,8,10]. In consequence, EPL may be suggested as a potential source for anti-oxidant compounds.…”

“…Previous studies have employed various methods to extract flavonoids from EPL, including Soxhlet apparatus extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and immersion methods. These methods yielded TFC values ranging from 10 to 90 mg QE/g of dry weight [7,8,30]. However, this current research utilized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and achieved a significantly higher TFC of 172.83 ± 0.25 mg QE/g.…”

“…Berberine chloride, a commercial inhibitor, was also analyzed for comparison and showed good energy binding to 1EEA (DS value, −12.1 kcal/mol). In the comparison based on DS values, six compounds (8,28,31,33,34 In the docking study, two forms of output data, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and docking score (DS), were considered as important indicators in determining the significant binding (RMSD ≤ 2.0 Å) and effective inhibition (DS ≤ −3.20 kcal/mol) of an inhibitor towards the targeting enzyme [62,63]. Thus, these two indicators were used to analyze the interactions and predict the active inhibitory effects of the major compounds identified in the EPL extract.…”

“…Due to its wide range of uses, a large number of studies have been conducted to isolate and characterize its biologically active constituents and determine its pharmaceutical potential. The crude extracts and individual compounds isolated from EPL have been reported to exhibit promising pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory [6], anti-oxidant [7][8][9], anticancer [10], antimicrobial [11], hair growth promotion [12], hepatoprotective [13], antidiabetic [14,15] and neuroprotective effects [16].…”