Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women

Wu, Jian; Oka, Jun; Ezaki, Junko; Ohtomo, Takuya; Ueno, Tomomi; Uchiyama, Shigeto; Toda, Toshiya; Uehara, Mariko; Ishimi, Yoshiko

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3180305299

Cited by 116 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Equol also has a 100-fold higher affinity for oestrogen receptors and a higher bioavailability than daidzein and glycitein [35]. Although many studies have reported the role of equolproducing status as an effect-modifier in the association between the intake of soybean products and endocrine-related diseases, the mechanism for this is not clear [36,37]. Because of equol's low affinity for serum protein, high affinity for the oestrogen receptor and high antioxidant activity, the clinical effectiveness of soy isoflavones may be a function of the ability to biotransform soy isoflavones to the more potent oestrogenic metabolite equol, which may enhance the action of soy isoflavones [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasma isoflavone concentration is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women but not men: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2014

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis To examine the association between soybean products and risk of type 2 diabetes, we measured four isoflavone biological markers-genistein, daidzein, glycitein and equol-in a nested case-control study. Methods The study population was composed of 693 cases (316 women and 377 men) and 698 matched controls (317 women and 381 men) within the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The concentrations of isoflavone biomarkers were measured using HPLC-MS/MS on plasma samples that were collected at baseline. A stratified analysis was undertaken to examine the association between plasma isoflavone concentrations and risk of type 2 diabetes according to sex and equol production. Logistic regression models were used to compute ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders. ResultsIn women, compared with the lowest quartile of plasma concentration of genistein, the highest quartile exhibited a significantly decreased risk of diabetes (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35, 0.95). When stratified by equol-producing status in women, the OR for diabetes in the highest vs the lowest quartile of genistein concentration was 0.31 (95% CI 0.16, 0.60) in equol producers, but genistein concentration was not associated with risk of diabetes in equol non-producers (p for interaction=0.013). In men, isoflavone concentrations were not associated with risk of diabetes, regardless of equolproducing status. Conclusions/interpretation High plasma concentrations of genistein were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in women. This inverse association was prominent in equol-producing participants. These results suggest a beneficial effect of a high intake of soybean products on risk of type 2 diabetes in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasma isoflavone concentration is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women but not men: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2014

Diabetologia

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“…93 Equol possesses more estrogen-like proteins than DAN and plays a crucial role in the soy phytoestrogen efficacy. 91 Studies showed that compared with GEN, equol had better improved biomechanical and histomorphometric properties in OVX rats; equol (103.8%) and GEN (96.8%) reached similar treatment levels compared with estrogen in the analysis of vertebral body compression strength. 94 Moreover, several studies also demonstrated that long-term equol consumption (10 lg/g bw/day intake for 3 months) provided better bone-sparing effects in OVX rats, 95 while dietary equol (400 mg/kg intake for 6 weeks) decreased weight gain and uterotropic activity.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equol is the metabolite of DAN, which has shown to be more potent compared with purified DAN. 91 Equol is not produced in all healthy humans as only 30-60% of the population can produce equol, and production is higher among Asians and vegetarians. 92 Equol and O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) producers were defined as those people with detectable equol (87.5 ng/mL or 362 nM) and ODMA (87.5 ng/mL, or 399 nM) in their urine.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling

Zheng

Lee

Chun

2016

Journal of Medicinal Food

127

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Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that affects both women and men, although estrogen deficiency induced by menopause accelerates bone loss in older women. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the current drug therapies available have multiple side effects, including increased risk of developing certain types of cancer or complications, a search for potential nonpharmacologic alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Soy isoflavones (SI) have demonstrated potential bone-specific effects in a number of studies. This article provides a systematic review of studies on osteoporotic bone loss in relation to SI intake from diet or supplements to comprehensively explain how SI affect the modulation of bone remodeling. Evidence from epidemiologic studies supports that dietary SI attenuate menopause-induced osteoporotic bone loss by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Other studies have also illustrated that bone site-specific trophic and synergistic effects combined with exercise intervention might contribute to improve the bioavailability of SI or strengthen the bonespecific effects. To date, however, the effects of dietary SI on osteoporotic bone loss remain inconclusive, and study results vary from study to study. The current review will discuss the potential factors that result in the conflicting outcomes of these studies, including dosages, intervention materials, study duration, race, and genetic differences. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism and evaluate the effects of SI on osteoporosis in humans.

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“…Evidence has suggested that the clinical efficacy of isoflavones in humans depends on their ability to produce equol, a microbial metabolite of daidzein and is more estrogenic than daidzein. 46,47 As only 30-50% of the Chinese population can produce equol after soyfood ingestion, equol-producing status may be an important modifier of the effects of isoflavones. Compared with the earlier studies, this study has a relatively large sample.…”

Section: Soy Protein and Body Composition Z-m Liu Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

A mild favorable effect of soy protein with isoflavones on body composition—a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial among Chinese postmenopausal women

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

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Background: In vitro and animal studies suggested that soy protein and isoflavones promote weight and body fat loss. However, clinical trials in humans were few and the effects remained uncertain. Objectives: To examine whether soy protein with isoflavones and isoflavone extracts exert beneficial effects on body composition among postmenopausal women. Design: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 180 postmenopausal Chinese women with mild hyperglycemia. After a 2-week adaptation, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three arms to receive 15 g soy protein and 100 mg isoflavones (Soy group), or 15 g milk protein and 100 mg isoflavones (Iso group), or 15 g milk protein (placebo group) on a daily basis for 6 months. Results: We observed a mild but significant favorable effect of soy protein with isoflavones on the changes of body weight (BW), body mass index, and body fat percentage relative to isoflavone extracts and milk protein after 6-month supplementation. The mean differences of BW between the Soy and the Iso groups were À0.75 kg (95% CI: À1.363 to À0.136, P ¼ 0.017), and between the Soy and the placebo groups were À0.60 kg (95% CI: À1.209 to À0.019, P ¼ 0.047). The mean difference of change percentage in body fat percentage between the Soy and the Iso groups was À3.74% (95% CI: À6.88 to À0.60%, P ¼ 0.02), and between the Soy and the placebo groups was À2.54% (95% CI: À5.69 to 0.12%. P ¼ 0.08). Conclusions: Six-month supplementation of soy protein with isoflavones had a mild favorable effect on body composition in postmenopausal women.

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Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women

Abstract: Our data suggest that the preventive effects of isoflavones on bone loss and fat accumulation in early postmenopausal women depend on an individual's equol-producing capacity.

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Plasma isoflavone concentration is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women but not men: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Plasma isoflavone concentration is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean women but not men: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling

A mild favorable effect of soy protein with isoflavones on body composition—a 6-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial among Chinese postmenopausal women

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