Possible Role of Circulating Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Progenitors in Modulating Inflammation and Promoting Wound Repair

Abstract

Circulating bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors (BMMPs) are known to be potent antigen-presenting cells that migrate to damaged tissue to secrete cytokines and growth factors. An altered or dysregulated inflammatory cascade leads to a poor healing outcome. A skin model developed in our previous study was used to observe the immuno-modulatory properties of circulating BMMP cells in inflammatory chronic wounds in a scenario of low skin perfusion. BMMPs were analysed exclusively and in conjunction with recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supplementation. We analysed the expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), together with protein levels for IL-8, stem cell factor (SCF), and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1). The successfully isolated BMMPs were positive for both hemopoietic and mesenchymal markers and showed the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Significant differences were found in IL-8 and CD73 expressions and IL-8 and SCF concentrations, for all conditions studied over the three time points taken into consideration. Our data suggests that BMMPs may modulate the inflammatory response by regulating IL-8 and CD73 and influencing IL-8 and SCF protein secretions. In conclusion, we suggest that BMMPs play a role in wound repair and that their induced application might be suitable for scenarios with a low skin perfusion.

Modulation of immune cum inflammatory pathway by earthworm granulation tissue extract in wound healing of diabetic rabbit model

“…In current study, biochemical analysis of granulation tissue revealed significantly elevated levels of hexuronic acid, hydroxyproline and hexosamine in EGTE group compared to levels in vehicle control and distilled water group. Measurement of hydroxyproline and hexosamine has been used as index of collagen turnover and collagen is a predominant protein of the extracellular matrix [ 48 ]. In addition to this increased amount of hexosamine content in rabbits treated with EGTE is an indication of collagen fiber stabilization mediated by means of electrostatic and ionic interactions [ 49 ].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Approved by Regulatory Agencies around the World

“…As mentioned above, the terms medicinal signaling cells and mesenchymal progenitors have started to be used by experts in the field to replace previous names to refer to MSCs [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Nevertheless, we are going to use the latter to avoid confusion.…”

“…The previous regulatory agencies were mentioned because they have until now been the only ones that could approve CTMP therapies that use their originally baptized mesenchymal stem cell name (commonly referred to as MSCs); these agencies have attempted to change their name to medicinal signaling cells, and more recently to mesenchymal progenitors (Arnold I. Caplan, personal communication; see Acknowledgement statement). For convenience, the term MSCs will be used from here on [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapies Approved by Regulatory Agencies Around the World

“…As mentioned above, the terms medicinal signaling cells and mesenchymal progenitors have begun to be used by experts in the field with the intention of replacing previous names used to refer to MSCs [2][3][4]. Nevertheless, we are going to use the latter to avoid confusion.…”

“…The CTMP therapies use mostly what originally were baptized as mesenchymal stem cells (commonly referred to as MSCs) and later attempted to be changed for medicinal signaling cells, and more recently for mesenchymal progenitors (Arnold I. Caplan, personal communication 2022). For convenience, the term MSCs will be used here [2][3][4].…”