Possible Role of Chitin-Like Proteins in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Lomiguen, Christine M; Vidal, Luis; Kozlowski, Piotr B.; Prancan, Arthur V.; Stern, Robert

doi:10.3233/jad-180326

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Aβ plaques and NFTs induce an immune response associated with astroglia and microglia activation and increased inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor α [12], S100, interleukin 1 [13,14], such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) [15,16], and complement activation (C1q to C5b-9) [17] in AD [18][19][20]. Recently, the chitinase family of inflammatory proteins, particularly chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, YKL-40, or HC gp-39), chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2 or YKL- 39), and pentraxin II (NPTX2 or Narp), a member of the pentraxin family, has been associated with AD pathogenesis [21,22]. Although their functions are not well understood, it is hypothesized that chitinases are involved in pro-inflammatory and proangiogenic tissue remodeling in cancer [23,24] as well as in several neurodegenerative diseases [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Moreno‐Rodríguez

Perez

Nadeem

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2), and neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) are inflammatory biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies have demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid levels of these proteins are changed in AD, no studies have undertaken a detailed examination of alterations in protein levels, cellular expression, and interaction with amyloid in the brain during the progression of AD. Methods:The study evaluated levels of both CHI3L1 and CHI3L2, NPTX2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), complement component 1q (C1q), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CD44, in the frontal cortex of people who died with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild/moderate AD (mAD), and severe AD (sAD) using immunoblot and immunohistochemical techniques.Results: CHI3L1-immunoreactive (-ir) astrocyte numbers were increased in the frontal cortex and white matter in sAD compared to NCI. On the other hand, increases in GFAP and Iba1-ir cell numbers were observed in MCI compared to NCI but only in white matter. Western blot analyses revealed significantly lower frontal cortex CHI3L2 levels, whereas CD44 levels were increased in sAD. No significant differences for CHI3L1, GFAP, C1q, and NPTX2 protein levels were detected between clinical groups. Strong significant correlations were found between frontal cortex CHI3L1 and Iba1-ir cell numbers in white matter and CHI3L1 and C1q protein levels in the early stages of the disease. C1q and Iba1, CD44 with CHI3L2, and GFAP protein levels were associated during disease progression. CHI3L1 and Iba1 cell numbers in white matter showed a significant associations with episodic memory and perceptual speed.Conclusions: White matter CHI3L1 inflammatory response is associated with cognitive impairment early in the onset of AD.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Moreno‐Rodríguez

Perez

Nadeem

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, chitin is not only proposed as potential therapy, but also claimed as a molecular marker for neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, chitin is elevated and accumulated within the brain and facilitates a scaffolding for amyloid-β deposition [30][31][32]. Fungal chitin was also detected in brain tissues from Alzheimer's disease patients [33].…”

Section: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide have been widely studied for the beneficial effect on neurological diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. A water-soluble form of chitosan inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-6 as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human astrocytoma cell line CCF-STTG1 stimulated with IL-1β and Aβ fragments (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) [37]. It is known that acetylcholinesterase inhibition is the target for Alzheimer's disease therapy.…”

Section: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that acetylcholinesterase inhibition is the target for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Chitosan oligosaccharide with 90% deacetylation and low molecular weight (1 to 5 kDa) inhibited the protein expression of acetylcholinesterase and Aβ fragment (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)-induced acetylcholinesterase activity in PC12 cell lines [38]. Furthermore, caffeic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide effectively inhibited β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme activity, which was the rate limiting step of Aβ peptide formation in Alzheimer's disease [39].…”

Section: Neurological and Musculoskeletal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications

Satitsri

Muanprasat

2020

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.

show abstract

“…It seems that under some circumstances even minute amounts of chitin or chitin-like polysaccharides can accumulate and contribute to human pathology, eg, in certain forms of Alzheimer's disease. 9 Considering the high prevalence of chitin and the fact that the immunological reaction to this polysaccharide is thought to be time-and dose-dependent, the above issue seems to have at least potential clinical implications. 10 Nevertheless, the role of chitin in humans is still obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins in Obstructive Lung Diseases – Current Concepts and Potential Applications</p>

Przysucha¹,

Górska²,

Krenke³

2020

COPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitinases, enzymes that cleave chitin's chain to low molecular weight chitooligomers, are widely distributed in nature. Mammalian chitinases belong to the 18-glycosyl-hydrolase family and can be divided into two groups: true chitinases with enzymatic activity (AMCase and chitotriosidase) and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) molecules which can bind to chitin or chitooligosaccharides but lack enzymatic activity (eg, YKL-40). Chitinases are thought to be part of an innate immunity against chitin-containing parasites and fungal infections. Both groups of these hydrolases are lately evaluated also as chemical mediators or biomarkers involved in airway inflammation and fibrosis. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge on the potential role of human chitinases and CLPs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and course of obstructive lung diseases. We also assessed the potential role of chitinase and CLPs inhibitors as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

show abstract

Possible Role of Chitin-Like Proteins in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications

<p>Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins in Obstructive Lung Diseases – Current Concepts and Potential Applications</p>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About