Possible protective role of pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile in lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity through enhanced hepatic lipogenesis

Pregnane X Receptor and Constitutive Androstane Receptor at the Crossroads of Drug Metabolism and Energy Metabolism

“…Treatment of mice with the PXR agonist pregnenolone-16␣-carbonitrile (PCN) is known to alleviate the lithocholic acidinduced hepatotoxicity (Staudinger et al, 2001;Xie et al, 2001). It was recently reported that the PCN-mediated stimulation of lipogenesis contributes to the protection from lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity (Miyata et al, 2010).…”

TGF-β-SMAD3 signaling mediates hepatic bile acid and phospholipid metabolism following lithocholic acid-induced liver injury

“…A variety of LCA metabolites were reported to be associated with this protection (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Recently, endogenous bile acid metabolism associated with LCA toxicity was investigated ( 27 ), and LCA exposure was reported to change serum chemistry, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides ( 32 ). Furthermore, a comprehensive view of LCA-induced alterations in endogenous metabolites was investigated by use of metabolomics for the detection and characterization of small organic chemicals in biological matrices.…”

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Treatment Ameliorates Disruption of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Farnesoid X Receptor (Fxr)-Null Mice

“…After centrifugation, the supernatants were assessed for the hepatic lipid levels. 25) Hepatic TGs, FFAs and total cholesterol (TC) were determined using the Triglyceride E-test Wako, NEFA E-test Wako, and Cholesterol E-test Wako kits (Wako Pure Chemicals), respectively.…”