Possible neonatal diazepam withdrawal: A case report

Mazzi, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(77)90102-8

Cited by 35 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…BZD mayaIso cause passive addiction in the fetus and when the use of drug is reduced in late pregnancy, an abstinence syndrome may appear. Withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to diazepam in utero have been described as a high pitched cry, increased museIe tone and increased regurgitation (2,15,25). Notably, 3 ofthe BZD exposed children and 5 of those exposed to other drugs showed athetoid posture of hands and feet withtremor and dystonia as described previously in the abstinence syndrome of BZD (23) and of chlorpromazine (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Effect of Benzodiazepines on the Fetus and the Newborn*

1992

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The effect of the maternal use of benzodiazepines (BZD) on the fetus and the newborn infant has been studied in a representative series of 17 newborn infants (BZD group). The pregnancy and the perinatal period were characterized by 20 items. On the 2nd day of life, a neurologic investigation was performed and comprised a total of 38 items, subgrouped into items of reflexes/reactions, tonus, and other symptoms and signs. An optimum finding for each item was selected. The results were compared with a group of 21 newborns fetally exposed to psychotropic drugs other than BZD (drug group) and a reference group of 29 newborns with no known fetal exposure to drugs. Infants in the BZD group had a lower birth weight for birth length, as compared to both the drug group and the reference group. Significant differences in frequency of pre- and perinatal complications and in neuro-behavior between the BZD group and the reference group were found in all groups of items. We conclude that the use of BZD during pregnancy is associated with impaired intrauterine growth and an increased frequency of pre- and perinatal events. It affects the newborn infant neurologically mainly in the form of intoxication and withdrawal symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

The Effect of Benzodiazepines on the Fetus and the Newborn*

1992

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“…153 Withdrawal symptoms may occur in the neonate if the mother ingests 10 to 15 mg of d i a z e p a m d a i l y d u r i n g the last trimester. 154…”

Section: Diazepammentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drugs and Chemicals on the Fetus and Newborn (Second of Two Parts)

Hill¹,

Kleinberg²

1984

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Physicians have become increasingly aware of the side effects of specific drugs. Obstetricians and family physicians should especially be cognizant of the implications of the administration of any drug, not only for the pregnant mother but also for the unborn child. In this second installment of our two-part article, we conclude our review of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants that may affect the fetus or newborn. In the first part of this article, we reviewed the effects of drugs on spermatozoa, the germ cell, the embryo, the fetus, and subsequent reproductive function. In addition, the long-term neurobehavioral effects of drugs on the fetus were assessed. Because the primary function of the placenta is the transport of nutrients and wastes between maternal and fetal circulations, its role in determining fetal drug concentrations was reviewed. The difficulties inherent in establishing a direct relationship between a specific mediator and a particular fetal effect were addressed. Finally, an attempt was made to quantitate the known effects of specific commonly used drugs (caffeine, ferrous sulfate, Bendectin, and over-the-counter medications). In this article, we complete our review of the known fetal effects of selected medications, environmental products, and drugs that may be administered or consumed during pregnancy. ANTICOAGULANTS Warfarin (Coumadin) is completely absorbed from the small intestine, loosely bound to albumin in the blood, and degraded in the liver. It is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K. Consequently, with use of warfarin, formation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X by the liver decreases and anticoagulation results. The loss of these four procoagulants depends on their rates of degradation: factor VII disappears in 5 hours; factors IX and X, within 20 to 30 hours; and factor II, after about 100 hours. 105 The fact that warfarin derivatives cross the placenta has been known for several decades. Not until the mid-1970s, however, was a distinct fetal warfarin syndrome "The first part of this two-part article was published in the October issue of the Proceedings.

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