Possible<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:math>Noninvariance in the Electromagnetic Interaction

Bernstein, Jeremy; Feinberg, G.; Lee, T.D.

doi:10.1103/physrev.139.b1650

Cited by 306 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…6 We have measured the asymmetry in the elastic scattering of electrons from a polarized proton target. An interference between the imaginary part of the two-photon-exchange amplitude and the one-photon-exchange amplitude could produce a polarization effect.…”

Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Polarization in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

1970

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intensity starting from the time that the beam intensity (which was reduced during polarization reversals) was restored. When coupled with a rate-dependent dead time, this effect introduced a deviation from zero inThe customary reliance on one-photon-exchange calculations in electron-proton scattering makes it important to study those processes which could only arise from higher-order effects. A measurement of nonzero proton polarization in elastic electron-proton scattering would be evidence for a two-photon-exchange amplitude, since the polarization must vanish for pure onephoton exchange. The interference between onephoton-exchange and two-photon-exchange amplitudes is expected to be smaller than the one-photon-exchange contribution by an order of a, but it may be enhanced due to the presence of some resonance process. 1 In electron-proton elastic scattering, one-photon exchange leads to the Rosenbluth formula 2 for the differential cross section. Higher-order effects, which could show up as deviations from the Rosenbluth form, have not been observed so far. 3 The interference between the one-photon amplitude and the real part of some two-photon amplitudes can be obtained by comparing electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering. These measurements 4 (after allowing for radiative losses 5 ) have shown no evidence of two-photon effects, to an accuracy of about the order a, up to four-momentum-transfers squared of 5.0 (GeV/ cf.Information relating to the imaginary part of a different combination of two-photon-ex change amplitudes can be measured by performing a poone of the test asymmetries. However, this produced a negligible correction to the real data. 19 To Powell et al. t following Letter [Phys. Rev. Letters 24, 753 (1970)]. larization experiment. Two kinds of experiments are possible. One can measure the polarization P of the recoiling nucleon in the elastic scattering of unpolarized electrons from an unpolarized proton target. Alternatively (as in the present experiment), one can measure the asymmetry A in the scattering of electrons from a polarized proton target, defined as where a* and aj denote the cross sections on hydrogen polarized parallel and antiparallel to the normal {ft) to the electron scattering plane. The quantity e is the asymmetry in the raw counts from the polarized target, and the factors P T and H F allow for the target proton polarization and the fraction of hydrogen counts present in the data, respectively. We define ft as (Pin x Poutl where p in and p out are the momenta of the initial and final electron, respectively.The asymmetry A is related to the polarization P. If only one photon is exchanged, then A =P = 0 because Hermiticity and current conservation combine to prohibit any polarization of the recoil proton or, equivalently, any dependence of the cross section on the initial proton spin direction. 6 If T invariance holds, then A ~P to all orders in the electromagnetic interaction. FourWe have measured the asymmetry in the elastic scattering of electrons from a po...

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Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Polarization in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

1970

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“…The hypothesis about CP-violation in the electromagnetic processes in these systems was proposed a) b) for a long time (see, e.g. [12,13,14]). Our paper is close on spirit to paper [14], in which the possible CP-violation in the elastic ep-scattering is related with the availability of the so called anapole proton form factor in the matrix element of the electromagnetic proton current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CP-violation hypothesis and the relativistic electromagnetic structure of nucleons

Krutov¹,

Kudinov²

2012

Proceedings of the XXth International Workshop High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory — PoS(QFTHEP2011)

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In this paper we propose to discuss the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon in the framework of the violation hypothesis of discrete symmetries. Analysis is performed with help of the general method of the Lorentz-covariant local operator matrix element parametrization. The proposed analysis allows to solve the problem of the "non-Rosenbluth" behavior of the electromagnetic proton form factors. It is shown that the CP-violation effects give rise to the additional anapole proton form factor.

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“…Of considerable importance to the present work is the possibility of a small C and T violation in the strong interaction and the suggestion by Bernstein, Feinberg, and Lee (1965) that the electromagnetic interaction may str-ongly violate both C and T invaria.nce. If :tC I is strongly violated, they estimate that the reciprocity relation for reactions between strongly interacting particles may be violated by as much as l percent.…”

Section: Disclaimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the violation is due to the electromagnetic interaction as suggested by Bernstein, Feinberg and Lee (1965), then there was a chance that the violation might have been detected. The present experiment, however, does not rule out the possibility of an electromagnetic interac.tion violation of time reversal invarianc~.…”

Section: Chapi'er Rj'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of detailed balance in the reaction <sup>16</sup>O(d, α)<sup>14</sup>N and its inverse

Thornton

1967

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PossibleC,TNoninvariance in the Electromagnetic Interaction

Cited by 306 publications

References 29 publications

Measurement of the Polarization in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Measurement of the Polarization in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

CP-violation hypothesis and the relativistic electromagnetic structure of nucleons

Test of detailed balance in the reaction <sup>16</sup>O(d, α)<sup>14</sup>N and its inverse

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