Possible latent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse eye

Claoué, Charles; Hodges, Tim; Darville, J. M.; Hill, Terry; Blyth, W. A.; Easty, D L

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-10-2385

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Extraneural latency is controversial. There are reports compatible with latency in mouse footpad [Alsaadi et al, 1982;Alsaadi et al, 1987;Clements and Subak-Sharpe, 19881 and in ocular tissue of experimental animals and humans, including the retina [Openshaw, 19821 and the cornea [Shimeld et al, 1982;Tullo et al, 1985;Cook and Brown, 1986;Cook et al, 1987;Abghari and Stulting, 1988;O'Brien and Taylor, 1989;Claove et al, 1990;O'Brien et al, 19913. Latency in these studies was defined by the absence of infectious virus in cell-free tissue homogenates, with isolation of HSV from tissue explants (in vitro reactivation). HSV-1 DNA also has been detected in cornea of mice, rabbits, and humans at the latent stage of the infection [Willey et al, 1989;Crouse et al, 1990;Rong et al, 1991;Cantin et al, 1991aCantin et al, ,1992Laycock et al, 19931. Unexpectedly, several groups have detected HSV-1 DNA in the cornea of subjects without a history of herpetic eye disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herpes simplex Virus dna in normal corneas: Persistence without viral shedding from ganglia

Openshaw

McNeill

Lin

et al. 1995

Journal of Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA has been shown to persist in the cornea not only after inoculation of experimental animals but also in surgical samples from patients with herpes keratitis. The further observation of corneal HSV-1 DNA in subjects without known HSV eye disease prompted the present study of the presence and distribution of HSV-1 in eye bank corneas. Prior to DNA extraction, the corneas were trephined, separating the central and peripheral cornea. With polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein D (gD) gene sequences, we found HSV-1 in 10 of 24 eye bank corneas, from the 4 mm wide corneal rim in 8 eyes and from the 8 mm diameter central cornea in 2 eyes. In 9 subjects, both eyes were assayed, and HSV-1 was detected in 6 subjects. In only one subject was HSV-1 detected in both eyes and in only one subject was HSV-1 detected in the central and peripheral cornea of the same eye. The biological role of HSV-1 DNA corneal sequences is unknown. To investigate this, a rabbit animal model was established by transplantation of corneas containing viral DNA sequences in HSV-1 naive recipients. Followed for 5 months, there was no evidence of sheeding of HSV-1 in the tear film or seroconversion of the recipient rabbits. At the end of this time, HSV-1 DNA was detected in the corneal graft at a similar intensity to the PCR signal from the donor rims.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex Virus dna in normal corneas: Persistence without viral shedding from ganglia

Openshaw

McNeill

Lin

et al. 1995

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…70 It is interesting that mild and transient attacks of herpes zoster can follow retrobulbar or trigemi nal ganglion injections and neurosurgical incisions (so called symptomatic zoster).7l Equally exposure to ultra violet light, nerve section and irradiation are well known to reactivate HSV. Neuronal metabolism in the adult is mostly concerned with maintenance of the cell and there is virtually no proliferative activity: most of the DNA is inactive.…”

Section: Tr Aumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic herpes Zoster

Marsh¹,

Cooper²

1993

Eye

102

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London SUMMARYA current review of ophthalmic zoster is presented including its virology, immunology, epidemiology and pathogenesis. We give our findings in 1356 patients referred to the Zoster Clinic at Moorfields Ey e Hospital, London. The treatment of the disease and its ocular com plications is discussed.Ophthalmic herpes zoster is a disease varying in severity from devastating, threatening life and sight, to so mild that it may pass unnoticed. The ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve is affected in 7-17.5% of herpes zoster patients. 1-5 Ocular involvement complicates approxi mately 50% of these cases and very rarely cases of maxil lary herpes zoster,l affecting many of the tissues of the globe and orbit by highly varied types of lesions.

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“…It is generally agreed that LAT expression has a significant role in this phenomenon, but the precise mechanism of this involvement is unknown (2,3,13,19,24,31,34,43). Although described (6,32), murine models for efficient in vivo reactivation of HSV-1 have been generally difficult to exploit; however, infectious virus can be recovered with high efficiency upon explant and culture of latently infected murine sensory ganglia. Such explant cultivation has been extensively used as an in vitro reactivation model to take advantage of the relative convenience of murine latency models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication and gene expression during explant-induced reactivation of latently infected murine sensory ganglia

Devi-Rao

Bloom

Stevens

et al. 1994

J Virol

113

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Infectious virus assays and PCR amplification of DNA and RNA were used to investigate herpes simplex virus DNA replication and gene expression in two murine in vitro models for virus reactivation. We examined latent infections with wild-type (wt), precisely defined latency-associated transcript-negative (LAT-) mutants, and LAT+ rescuants of these mutants of the 17syn+ strain of virus in both murine trigeminal and lumbosacral ganglia and of the KOS(M) strain in the latter. In explants of ganglia latently infected with the LATmutant of strain 17syn+ virus, a reduction in number of cultures exhibiting cytopathic effects due to virus reactivation and measurable delays in virus recovery were observed compared with wt or the LAT+ rescuant. This LAT-specific effect was not seen in explants of lumbosacral ganglia latently infected with mutants derived from the KOS(M) strain of virus. Although there was appreciable variation between individual animals, no significant difference between LAT+ and LAT-virus in time of onset of viral DNA replication in explanted ganglia was seen with use of either virus strain. There was a slight decrease in the relative amount of viral DNA recovered compared with internal cellular controls in latently infected ganglia harboring the LAT-mutant of 17syn+ compared with the wt virus or the LAT+ rescuant. This reduced relative amount ranged from 0 to as much as 50% but averaged 20%. Such differences were not seen in infections with KOS(M)-derived mutants. In contrast, although expression of productive-cycle transcripts could be detected within 4 h following explant cultivation of latently infected ganglia, no differences between LAT+ and LATviruses could be seen. As discussed, these data place specific constraints on possible models for the role of LAT expression in in vitro reactivation systems.

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Possible latent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse eye

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Herpes simplex Virus dna in normal corneas: Persistence without viral shedding from ganglia

Herpes simplex Virus dna in normal corneas: Persistence without viral shedding from ganglia

Ophthalmic herpes Zoster

Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication and gene expression during explant-induced reactivation of latently infected murine sensory ganglia

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