Possible impact of the “yellow card” antimicrobial scheme on meat inspection lesions in Danish finisher pigs

Alban, Lis; Dahl, Jan; Andreasen, Margit; Petersen, Jesper; Sandberg, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.010

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Alban and others (2013) have previously reported a similar observation in Denmark, where the increased use of vaccines against respiratory diseases (including PCV-2-related infections) corresponded to a decline in the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of respiratory infections in all age groups. PCV-2-triggered immunosuppression has frequently been reported to enable secondary bacterial infections to develop (Segalés and others 2004, Kixmöller and others 2008, Wellenberg and others 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on the level of antimicrobial consumption on 65 Austrian pig farms

et al. 2016

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The administration of antibiotics to farm animals is an important contemporary topic. Veterinarians, pig producers, politicians, retailers and consumers all have a vested interest in reducing antimicrobial use on farm, while ensuring adequate health and welfare of food-producing animals. Vaccination programmes may be used to reduce the overall level of clinical disease in a population, subsequently leading to a decline in antimicrobial use. In 2008, a vaccination programme against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) was initiated in Austria. In the retrospective observational study presented here, farm medication records (2008-2011) from 65 conventional pig farms were evaluated. As PCV-2 has been shown to lead to generalised immunosuppression, enabling secondary bacterial infections to occur, the authors hypothesised that PCV-2 vaccination would decrease antimicrobial consumption at farm level. Firstly, we focused on the annual antimicrobial consumption expressed as the number of administered animal daily doses per kg liveweight (nADDkg/kg/year). Secondly, a linear mixed effects model was applied to evaluate the influence of PCV-2 vaccination on the antimicrobial consumption at farm level. The interaction between farm type and PCV-2 vaccination was found to be a highly significant factor (P=0.0002) influencing antimicrobial use at farm level. The estimated impact of PCV-2 vaccination revealed a highly significant (P<0.001) decline in total antimicrobial drug use from 1.72 ADDkg/kg/year to 0.56 ADDkg/kg/year on finishing farms, whereas only a negligible decline was detectable on farrow-to-finish farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on the level of antimicrobial consumption on 65 Austrian pig farms

et al. 2016

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“…One of these initiatives, “the Yellow Card Scheme,” which identifies and warns livestock farmers using above a given permitted limit of antimicrobials, was introduced in 2010 and is managed by the Danish Veterinary Authorities. The antimicrobial use decreased after the introduction of the Yellow Card Scheme (2). From 2010 to 2014, there was a 14% reduction in the antimicrobial treatment proportion, measured as defined animal daily doses (ADDs) per 1,000 animals per day across the total Danish pig production (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There may be different explanations for this—one is the extended use of a controlled program for specific pathogen-free (SPF) production of piglets. However, the use of several vaccines has been on the increase lately, especially since “the Yellow Card Scheme” was adopted by the Danish Veterinary Authorities (2). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, vaccination against PCV2 could potentially reduce disease occurrence and, consequently, the use of antimicrobials. In fact, after the adoption of the Yellow Card Scheme, a 31% increase in the use of PCV2-vaccines was seen over 1 year in Danish pig production (2). Vaccination against PCV2 has been shown to result in increased growth rate and reduced mortality in finishers (12), as well as reduced antimicrobial use (13, 14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Clear Effect of Initiating Vaccination against Common Endemic Infections on the Amounts of Prescribed Antimicrobials for Danish Weaner and Finishing Pigs during 2007–2013

et al. 2017

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It is often stated that vaccines may help reduce antimicrobial use in swine production. However, limited evidence is available outside clinical trials. We studied the change in amounts of antimicrobials prescribed for weaners and finishers in herds following initiation of vaccination against five common endemic infections: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, porcine circovirus type II, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Lawsonia intracellularis. Comparison was made to the change after a randomly selected date in herds not vaccinating against each of the infections. Danish sow herds initiating vaccination during 2007–2013 were included (69–334 herds, depending on the analysis). Danish sow herds with no use of the vaccine in question were included as non-exposed herds (130–570 herds, depending on the analysis). Antimicrobial prescriptions for weaners in sow herds and for finishers in receiving herds were extracted from the VetStat database for a period of 12 months before and 6–18 months after the first purchase of vaccine, or random date and quantified as average animal daily doses (ADDs) per 100 animals per day. The herd-level difference between ADD in the period after and before vaccination was the outcome in linear regression models for weaner pigs, and linear mixed-effects models for finishing pigs, taking into account sow herds delivering pigs to two or more finisher herds. Three plausible risk factors (Baseline ADD, purchase of specific vaccine, purchase of other vaccines) and five confounders (herd size, export and herd health status, year and season) were initially considered in all 10 models. The main significant effect in all models was the Baseline ADD; the higher the Baseline ADD was for weaner and finishing pigs, the larger the decrease in ADD was following vaccination (or random date for non-vaccinating herds). Regardless of vaccination status, almost equal proportions of herds experienced a decrease and an increase in ADD resulting in no overall Change in ADD. Furthermore, only minor effects were found, when vaccinations were used in combination. In conclusion, this study provided little support for the hypothesis that vaccination against five common endemic diseases provides a plausible general strategy to reduce antimicrobial use in Danish pig herds.

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“…The second example comes from Denmark and concerns pig production (Aarestrup and others 2010, Alban and others 2013). The initiative grew from domestic concerns over the levels of antibiotic use in intensive pig production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics: expect to use less, more responsibly

Scannell

Bruce

2015

Veterinary Record

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Antibiotic resistance has probably been around for a few billion years. After all, most modern antibiotics have their origins in bacteria and fungi (balz 2007, Silver 2011), organisms that have long waged pharmacological warfare against one another. it is possible, for example, to find multidrug-resistant bacteria deep within caves that have been isolated for millions of years (bhullar and others 2012). However, 65 years of widespread medical and veterinary antibiotic use has exerted strong evolutionary pressures on the populations of bacteria that human and veterinary health systems routinely encounter. Resistance has become more common and more troublesome; no longer a narrow technical problem for microbiologists and drug developers. in the past five years, antimicrobial drug resistance has climbed the political agenda (Davies 2011, Department of Health and Defra 2013) (Fig 1), with initiatives underway at the European level, in the USA, the UK, Holland, Denmark, and many other countries. in 2014, the Prime Minister established an independent Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, the o'neill Review. this was charged with analysing the situation and proposing concrete national and international actions to help tackle the problem (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance 2015). We, and colleagues at the innogen institute at Edinburgh university, were commissioned by the Economic and Social Research council (ESRc) and the o'neill Review to assess the barriers to the development and introduction of new antimicrobial drugs and diagnostics for both human and veterinary use (tait and others 2014, Scannell and bruce 2014). We focused on regulatory hurdles and on the challenges seen by commercial drug and diagnostics companies. We reviewed the literature, and interviewed drug and device regulators, trade associations, investors, and drug, biotechnology and diagnostic companies. in this article, we illustrate some of our findings. no one knows yet exactly what the o'neill Review will recommend, nor how the recommendations of the various overlapping policy initiatives from around the world will play out. However,

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Possible impact of the “yellow card” antimicrobial scheme on meat inspection lesions in Danish finisher pigs

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on the level of antimicrobial consumption on 65 Austrian pig farms

Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on the level of antimicrobial consumption on 65 Austrian pig farms

No Clear Effect of Initiating Vaccination against Common Endemic Infections on the Amounts of Prescribed Antimicrobials for Danish Weaner and Finishing Pigs during 2007–2013

Antibiotics: expect to use less, more responsibly

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