Possible existence of a common temperature and a common duration of development among members of a taxonomic group of arthropods that underwent spaciational adaptation to temperature.

Abstract

Data sources. To examine the linearity between t and k, data for the temperature-dependent larval development of six groups, i.e., the family Tenebrionidae (10 species(s)/strains(s)), the family Pyralidae (8 s/s), the family Aphididae (13 s/s), the genus Periplaneta (4 s/s) and the genus Aedes (13 s/s) of insects, and the family Tetranychidae (12 s/s) of mites, were selected (see Table 1 and Appendix 1). The data on temperatures related to the induction of diapause (e.g., 20°C for Periplaneta fuliginosa reported by Tsuji, 1975) and the data on "slow stocks", which have the delayed type of development (e.g., Ephestia kuhniella shown by Ahmad, 1936;and Jacob and Cox, 1977) were excluded. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 38 (4): 487-492 (2003) 487 Possible existence of a common temperature and a common duration of development among members of a taxonomic group of arthropods that underwent speciational adaptation to temperature Takaya AbstractThe parameters in the law of total effective temperature, the developmental zero temperature (t) and the effective cumulative temperature (k), were estimated in several species or strains of the family Tenebrionidae. It was shown that the relationship between t and k is linear; k decreases with increasing t. Similar relationships were noted among members of the genus Periplaneta in the family Blattidae, the genus Aedes in the family Culicidae, the family Pyralidae, the family Aphididae and the family Tetranychidae. Based on analysis among groups of orders or higher categories, several researchers have found a similar relationship. The current study on a family or a genus revealed a more rigorous linearity. However, the focus of this study was the linear relationship itself and it was discovered that the t-k relationships of members within each taxonomic group of arthropods determines a common temperature (Tc) and a common duration of development (Dc). This phenomenon was mathematically deducible as a consequence of the t-k linear relation. Biologically, Tc and Dc are probably the optimum temperature and duration of development, respectively, that a group of organisms possess in common.

Common-intersection hypothesis of development rate lines of ectotherms within a taxon revisited

“…Shi et al (2010) found evidence supporting this hypothesis based on data on the developmental rate of egg and nymphal stages of Lygocoris lucorum Meyer-Dür. In addition Ikemoto (2003) proposed the common-intersection hypothesis (CIH), which states that the development times of the related members within a taxon (e.g., within a family) are equal at a given temperature. Therefore, the development rate lines of those species have a common intersection (Fig.…”

“…However, the sample sizes used by Ikemoto (2003) were very small. The main objective of the present study was to compile additional temperature-dependent development rate data from two families, Aphididae and Tetranychidae, for testing the common-intersection hypothesis(CIH) with larger sample sizes through mathematical analysis on the basis of two linear relationships (i.e., the linear relationship between temperature and development rate and that between the lower developmental threshold and the sum of effective temperatures).…”

How to Compare the Lower Developmental Thresholds

“…The upper (T H ) and lower (T L ) threshold temperatures were estimated at 36.4 and 11.2° C for total development, suggesting that the hypothetical enzyme was half active and half inactive at these thresholds. This could be one of the reasons for the incomplete development of the larval stage at 34 and 35° C. The intrinsic optimum temperature along with its confidence interval could be used as an indicator for the geographical distribution and place of origin of related species (Ikemoto 2003). This is also a potential tool for the construction of a phylogenetic tree within a taxon (Ikemoto et al 2012).…”

Possible Effects of Future Climate Changes on the Maximum Number of Generations of Anopheles in Monsoon Asia

“…Other ecophysiological and entomological approaches have been employed to explain the temporal occurrence of vectors by describing their life histories. These models calculate development according to air temperature at each developmental stage of the insect, based on the assumption that the growth of an insect depends on the temperature of its habitat (Hopp & Foley, 2001;Ikemoto, 2003;2005;2008;Depinay et al, 2004;Pascual et al, 2006). Temperature affects the survival of the parasite only during the life cycle of Anopheles mosquitoes.…”