Possible etiologies of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a narrative review

Mendes, Ana Cristina; Silva, Vitória

doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220080

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…RLS prevalence during pregnancy in different countries has been reported at a range of 13.5-34%, in line with our findings [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. According to Turkish studies, the prevalence of RLS during pregnancy ranges from 15.4% to 61.2% [5][6][7][8][9]11,12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Numerous studies have shown that iron plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of RLS [19,27]. Iron, ferritin, and serum folate levels drop during pregnancy, as does hemoglobin, another iron indication [1,28]. There is evidence that the number of pregnancies can affect iron levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urgent need to move the legs in response to a feeling of discomfort in the lower extremities. Symptoms typically manifest during inactivity and disappear with activity [1]. The international RLS diagnostic criteria were established in 1995, revised by the American National Institute of Health (NIH) in 2003, and updated by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) in 2014 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

Turan,

Aşkın Turan,

Butun

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Objectives: The current study aimed to search the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy according to the three trimesters and predictive factors of RLS in pregnancy based on validated diagnostic tools and a thorough literature review.Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study included 500 pregnant women without comorbidities who were interviewed face-to-face. Age, height, weight, week of pregnancy, smoking, alcohol, caffeine use, regular exercise, and lab test results from the last visit were all included in the data. Only women satisfying the RLS diagnostic criteria were given the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale.Results: The prevalence of RLS was found to be 29.2% with the highest rate in the third trimester (64.4%). In all trimesters, low ferritin (first trimester: p = 0.004; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), folic acid (first trimester: p = 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), vitamin B12 (first trimester: p = 0.003; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (first trimester: p < 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001) levels were associated with RLS. In the second and third trimesters, low magnesium (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and high creatinine (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively) levels were associated with RLS. Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 levels were associated with RLS in the third trimester but not in the first and second trimesters (median: 2.4 vs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

Turan,

Aşkın Turan,

Butun

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Present understanding also highlights a strong role of family history in RLS occurrence [30]. In the already mentioned study RLS appeared in 11,4% of women without RLS in the family and in 74,2% pregnant women with family history of this disorder.…”

Section: Restless Leg Syndromesupporting

confidence: 62%

Sleep disorders during pregnancy - its prevalence, characteristic and neonatal implications

Tomaszuk,

Wąsik,

Wojtuś

2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and purpose: Each phase of a woman's life, from childhood to menopause, may be associated with a variety of sleep disturbances. The pregnancy is particularly predisposed to develop sleep disorders such as insomnia, restless legs syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing, which require special management. This article reviews the most common sleep disturbances in pregnancy and discusses epidemiology, pathophysiology, maternal and fetal possible implications and therapeutic options in the pregnant population. Material and methods of research: The search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholarship databases available to January 2024. Results: Although the exact cause of previously mentioned diseases remains uncertain, the impact of hormonal changes, the body mass before pregnancy and weight gaining during gestation on their development is highlighted by researchers. Poor sleep in pregnancy may have negative outcomes for women as well as fetuses and influence the pregnancy course. These sleeping disorders may also contribute to development of other systemic diseases. The management of sleep disturbance in pregnant patients is challenging due to the risk of teratogenicity, pharmacokinetic changes and the dynamic nature of pregnancy, thus nonpharmacologic interventions should be preferred as safer than medications. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances result in poorer quality of pregnant women’s life and have negative impact on the condition of pregnancy. Thus, this theme should create the need for additional research on the possibilities of prevention and treatment strategies of sleep disorders in pregnant women.

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“…In the general population, a high prevalence of RLS was reported (up to 10%) [ 4 ], RLS being more commonly encountered in females [ 5 ]. Secondary causes of RLS have also been identified: renal failure [ 6 ], hepatic cirrhosis [ 7 ] and pregnancy (generally with a tendency to decrease after delivery) [ 8 ]. On the other hand, RLS can be encountered in other less-common conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis [ 9 ], fibromyalgia [ 10 ], multiple sclerosis [ 11 ] or systemic lupus erythematosus [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease

Diaconu

Irincu

Ungureanu

et al. 2023

JPM

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Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) might worsen sleep quality and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Objective: The main aim of the present study is to explore the associations between RLS and sleep, quality of life and other non-motor symptoms (NMS) in a sample of PwPD. Methods: We compared the clinical features of 131 PwPD with and without RLS, in a cross-sectional study. We used several validated scales for assessment: the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS), Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale version 2 (PDSS-2), Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ) and International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Non-Motor Rating Scale (MDS-NMS). Results: Thirty-five patients (26.71%) out of the total PwPD met the RLS diagnostic criteria, without significant differences between male (57.14%) and female (42.87%) (p = 0.431). Higher total scores of PDSS-2 were recorded among PwPD + RLS (p < 0.001), suggesting worse sleep quality. Significant correlations were observed between the diagnosis of RLS and some types of pain (especially nocturnal pain), physical fatigue and probable sleep-disordered breathing, according to the MDS-NMSS assessment. Conclusions: RLS has a high frequency in PwPD and it requires proper management, considering its consequences on sleep and quality of life.

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Possible etiologies of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a narrative review

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy

Sleep disorders during pregnancy - its prevalence, characteristic and neonatal implications

Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease

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