Possible Environmental Origin of Resistance of
            <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
            to Medical Triazoles

Snelders, Eveline; Veld, Robert A. G. Huis in 't; Rijs, Antonius J. M. M.; Kema, G.H.J.; Melchers, Willem J. G.; Verweij, Paul E.

doi:10.1128/aem.00231-09

Cited by 375 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Azole resistance commonly involves modifications of the cyp51A gene, the target of antifungal azoles (Lupetti et al, 2002, Seyedmousavi et al, 2014. The resistance selection is believed to occur via exposure to azole compounds in the environment (Snelders et al, 2009), released by humans via application of crop protections agents or by bacterial genera commonly found in soil, such as Bacillus, Serratia, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia (Lemfack et al, 2014).…”

Section: Volatile Affairs In Microbial Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile affairs in microbial interactions

et al. 2015

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Microorganisms are important factors in shaping our environment. One key characteristic that has been neglected for a long time is the ability of microorganisms to release chemically diverse volatile compounds. At present, it is clear that the blend of volatiles released by microorganisms can be very complex and often includes many unknown compounds for which the chemical structures remain to be elucidated. The biggest challenge now is to unravel the biological and ecological functions of these microbial volatiles. There is increasing evidence that microbial volatiles can act as infochemicals in interactions among microbes and between microbes and their eukaryotic hosts. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in understanding the natural roles of volatiles in microbe-microbe interactions. Specific emphasis will be given to the antimicrobial activities of microbial volatiles and their effects on bacterial quorum sensing, motility, gene expression and antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Volatile Affairs In Microbial Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile affairs in microbial interactions

et al. 2015

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“…Itraconazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates were sampled from a wide range of environmental locations, including indoor hospital environments, soil, and compost (392,541). Many of these environmental isolates displayed cross-resistance to other azoles, including the azole fungicides metconazole and tebuconazole, and the majority of environmental isolates possessed the TR/L98H genotype (392,541).…”

Section: Alteration Of the Drug Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Circuitry Governing Fungal Development, Drug Resistance, and Disease

Shapiro

Robbins

Cowen

2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

473

539

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SUMMARY Pathogenic fungi have become a leading cause of human mortality due to the increasing frequency of fungal infections in immunocompromised populations and the limited armamentarium of clinically useful antifungal drugs. Candida albicans , Cryptococcus neoformans , and Aspergillus fumigatus are the leading causes of opportunistic fungal infections. In these diverse pathogenic fungi, complex signal transduction cascades are critical for sensing environmental changes and mediating appropriate cellular responses. For C. albicans , several environmental cues regulate a morphogenetic switch from yeast to filamentous growth, a reversible transition important for virulence. Many of the signaling cascades regulating morphogenesis are also required for cells to adapt and survive the cellular stresses imposed by antifungal drugs. Many of these signaling networks are conserved in C. neoformans and A. fumigatus , which undergo distinct morphogenetic programs during specific phases of their life cycles. Furthermore, the key mechanisms of fungal drug resistance, including alterations of the drug target, overexpression of drug efflux transporters, and alteration of cellular stress responses, are conserved between these species. This review focuses on the circuitry regulating fungal morphogenesis and drug resistance and the impact of these pathways on virulence. Although the three human-pathogenic fungi highlighted in this review are those most frequently encountered in the clinic, they represent a minute fraction of fungal diversity. Exploration of the conservation and divergence of core signal transduction pathways across C. albicans , C. neoformans , and A. fumigatus provides a foundation for the study of a broader diversity of pathogenic fungi and a platform for the development of new therapeutic strategies for fungal disease.

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“…It is well documented that azole-resistance has been selected in environmental fungi due to their agricultural use and evidence has been presented that azole-resistant strains could be isolated from environmental samples as well from azole-naïve-and azole treated patients [7,8]. These strains were not only azole-resistant, but some of them were resistant to Amphothericin B, too.…”

Section: Environmental Sources Of Amphothericin B Resistant Fungimentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, resistance development is a serious risk associated with the use of antimicrobials as food additives and environmental fungicide use, respectively [2][3][4][5][6]. Although the overall level of resistance to antifungal agents is still low, studies have revealed that azole-resistance and surprisingly-Amphothericin B-resistance, too, could indeed be detected in environmental strains of Aspergillus fumigatus [6][7][8][9][10][11] as well as in environmental Candida spp. Strains [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%