Possible Dual Role for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as Gastrointestinal Hormone and Neurotransmitter Substance

Bryant, M. G.; Bloom, Stephen R.; Polar, J.M.; Albuquerque, R. H.; Modlin, Irvin M.; Pearse, A. G. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91863-8

Cited by 471 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is distributed in nervous elements throughout the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (Bryant et al, 1976;Larsson et al, 1976;Said and Rosenberg, 1976), and is also present in endocrine cells (Polak et al, 1974;Buffa et al, 1977). After the development of a radioimmunoassay for VIP, the plasma levels of IR-VIP have been determined in normal and diseased states (Poak and Bloom, 1982), although the values reported differed, probably owing to differences in the antisera and assay procedures used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Matsumura

Saito

1989

Endocrinol Japon

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Matsumura

Saito

1989

Endocrinol Japon

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“…Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been detected in the brain (10)(11)(12), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been found in earthworm neurons and processes (13), and bombesin may be present in the brain (14). Conversely, neurotensin (15) and opioids (16) have been discovered in the digestive system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Robberecht¹,

Deschodt-Lanckman²,

Vanderhaeghen³

1978

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The previously described peptidic material that reacts with antibodies to gastrin and is found in the central nervous system of various vertebrates is present in only the 100,000 X g pellet of postmortem human cerebral cortical irey matter. This immunoreactive material, extractable in boiing water, is biologically active on rat pancreatic preparations. On the basis of size, charge, immunological specificity, and patterns of biological activity, most of this material is closely related to the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin in its complete, sulfated biologically active form.A number of hypothalamic peptides, such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (1), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (2), somatostatin (3), and substance P (4), have been shown to be present in the cerebral cortex. It has been hypothesized that the extrahypothalamic localization of these peptides may result from the existence of peptidergic hypothalamocortical pathways (5). Some of these hypothalamic peptides, such as substance P and somatostatin (6, 7), have also been detected in the digestive tract.These observations, and Pearse's theory (8) of an embryological relationship between the nervous system and gut endocrine cells, have led Vanderhaeghen et al. (9) to search for and find immunologically active gastrin-like peptidic material (BGP) in the central nervous system (CNS) of various vertebrates. BGP was found at concentrations as high as 30 pmol of gastrin equivalent per g of wet weight. This raises the possibility of synthesis of BGP within the CNS. Because concentrations of BGP were maximal in the cerebral cortex and striatum, a hypothalamic origin of BGP is unlikely. Elution patterns of BGP on Sephadex G-50 show a lower molecular weight than gastrin-(2-17)-hexadecapeptide, and the analysis of radioimmunoassay dose-response curves shows immunological differences between gastrin-(2-17)-hexadecapeptide and BGP.The search for digestive peptides in the CNS is currently expanding rapidly. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been detected in the brain (10-12), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been found in earthworm neurons and processes (13), and bombesin may be present in the brain (14). Conversely, neurotensin (15) and opioids (16) have been discovered in the digestive system. From the above considerations emerges the concept of the existence of a large number of peptides common to the nervous and digestive systems.The existence of BGP has been confirmed by several authors. The differences reported between gastrin and BGP (9) have been explained by the close immunuological relationship of BGP

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“…Thus, numerous VIP immunoreactive fibres have been shown to occur in various exocrine glands. (Bryant et al, 1976 ;Larsson et al, 1976b;. Interestingly, the distribution pattern of the VIP immunoreactive fibres around the sweat glands of the cat hind paw was found to be similar to that of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-rich nerve fibres .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Antibodies were raised against the peptide (Said & Faloona, 1975) and radioimmunological determinations revealed high concentrations of VIP in the gastro-intestinal tract (Polak et al, 1974 ;, in neural cell lines (Said Rosenberg, 1976) and in the central nervous system (Bryant et al, 1976 ;Larsson et al, 1976b ;Said & Rosenberg, 1976). Immunohistochemical studies located the VIP-like immunoreactivity to gastro-intestinal neurons (Bryant et al, 1976;Larsson et al, 1976b ;Fuxe et al, 1977), cerebrovascular nerves (Larsson et al, 1976a) and central neurons Fuxe et al, 1977 ;Larsson et al, 1976b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of VIP Neurons in the Peripheral and Central nervous System

et al. 1980

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Possible Dual Role for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide as Gastrointestinal Hormone and Neurotransmitter Substance

Cited by 471 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Effect of Bile Salts on the Plasma Concentration of Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Man.

Demonstration of biological activity of brain gastrin-like peptidic material in the human: its relationship with the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin.

Distribution of VIP Neurons in the Peripheral and Central nervous System

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