Possible contributions of skin pigmentation and vitamin D in a polyfactorial model of seasonal affective disorder

Stewart, Alan E.; Roecklein, Kathryn A.; Tanner, Susan; Kimlin, Michael G.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.010

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Many people with SAD and S-SAD have insufficient or deficient levels of Vitamin D, and although no further studies have confirmed the findings, research investigating this association suggests that taking 100,000 IU daily may improve their symptoms [ 74 , 75 ]. Taking Vitamin D before winter darkness sets in may help prevent symptoms of depression [ 12 ].…”

Section: Treatment Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Melrose

2015

Depression Research and Treatment

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Seasonal affective disorder or SAD is a recurrent major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern usually beginning in fall and continuing into winter months. A subsyndromal type of SAD, or S-SAD, is commonly known as “winter blues.” Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer. Symptoms center on sad mood and low energy. Those most at risk are female, are younger, live far from the equator, and have family histories of depression, bipolar disorder, or SAD. Screening instruments include the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Typical treatment includes antidepressant medications, light therapy, Vitamin D, and counselling. This paper provides an overview of SAD.

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Section: Treatment Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Melrose

2015

Depression Research and Treatment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than light therapy and antidepressants, psychotherapy can be considered as a treatment option for SAD (Rohan et al, 2015). Research on vitamin D as a viable treatment option for SAD has inconsistent findings so far (Gloth et al, 1999; Kjærgaard et al, 2012; Okereke et al, 2020; Stewart et al, 2014). The cyclic nature of SAD is highly distressing, but one positive aspect of it is that preventive measures can be taken before the symptoms develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar II disorder has the highest prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in early‐onset mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study

Yeom

Cho

Jeon

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

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Background: Many mood disorder patients experience seasonal changes in varying degrees. Studies on seasonality have shown that bipolar disorder has a higher prevalence rate in such patients; however, there is limited research on seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients. This study estimated the prevalence of seasonality in early-onset mood disorder patients, and examined the association between seasonality and mood disorders. Methods: Early-onset mood disorder patients (n = 378; 138 major depressive disorder; 101 bipolar I disorder; 139 bipolar II disorder) of the Mood Disorder Cohort Research Consortium and healthy control subjects (n = 235) were assessed for seasonality with Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ).Results: A higher global seasonality score, an overall seasonal impairment score, and the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal SAD showed that mood disorder subjects had higher seasonality than the healthy subjects. The former subject group had a significantly higher mean overall seasonal impairment score than the healthy subjects (p < .001); in particular, bipolar II disorder subjects had the highest prevalence of SAD, and the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder had significantly higher odds ratios for SAD when compared to major depression and bipolar I disorder (p < .05).Conclusions: Early-onset mood disorders, especially bipolar II disorder, were associated with high seasonality. A thorough assessment of seasonality in early-onset mood disorders may be warranted for more personalized treatment and proactive prevention of mood episodes.

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“…117 Vitamin D therapy is available in three treatment modalities that include exposure to sunlight, artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and vitamin D3 supplementation. 118 Since this condition is prevalent in geographic locations where vitamin D obtained from sunlight is little to none therefore vitamin D3 supplementation is a simple and costeffective strategy for resolution of depressive symptoms during fall and winter seasons Stewart et al 119 Vitamin D fortification of food is thus recommended not only in cold countries with long winters where sunlight exposure is minimal but also in sunny countries like Asia and Mediterranean regions where some people may not be exposed to sunlight because of full skin covered clothing or an indoor-life Algol et al 46 One clinical trial indicated that vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressant (SSRI-fluoxetine) was better than fluoxetine alone in controlling depressive symptoms. 120 Therefore vitamin D supplementation is used as a preventative and treatment strategy for depression with a seasonal pattern.…”

Section: Vitamin D Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D for Depression with a Seasonal Pattern: an Effective Treatment Strategy

Sarkar¹

2017

IPMRJ

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Possible contributions of skin pigmentation and vitamin D in a polyfactorial model of seasonal affective disorder

Cited by 14 publications

References 113 publications

Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

Bipolar II disorder has the highest prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in early‐onset mood disorders: Results from a prospective observational cohort study

Vitamin D for Depression with a Seasonal Pattern: an Effective Treatment Strategy

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