Possible Case of Maternal Transmission of Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Captive Cheetah

Bencsik, Anna; Debeer, Sabine; Petit, Thierry; Baron, Thierry

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006929

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It was later proven that the concerns were justified, as the first cases of a new form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were diagnosed and confirmed in humans -vCJD - Collinge et al, 1996;Bruce et al, 1997;Scott, 1993) as a result of consumption of BSE-infected meat (Wilesmith et al, 1991). During the BSE epidemic episodes, domestic cats, as well as big cats and exotic ruminants in captivity were exposed to and infected with the BSE agent through the ingestion of MBM obtained from sick animals (Baylis, 2002; Peet and Curran, 1992; Willoughby 1992; Foster et al, 1993;Sigurdson, 2011;Bencsik et al, 2009;Eiden et al, 2010). Amidst this situation, the first measures taken by the EU Commission were banning MBM (94/381 / EC: Commission Decision), banning exports of beef from the UK (96/239 / EC: Commission Decision) and definition of a strategy which could highlight the presence of the infectious agent of BSE in small ruminants.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of PrnP Genetics: A tool for Molecular Assisted Selection in Sheep Populations (A review)

Coşier¹,

Dărăban²

2016

BUASVMCN-ASB

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Scrapie is a neurodegenerative prion disease of sheep, goats and mouflons, belonging to the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which affects humans as well. Even though classical scrapie has been known for over 250 years, the 1985 BSE crisis related to the advent of new forms of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans imposed the implementation of rapid coercive legal measures of prevention, control and eradication of TSEs. According to the prion hypothesis, the transmissible agent is the pathological isoform (PrP Sc ) of cellular prion protein (PrP C ). Specific polymorphisms of the gene that encodes cell prion protein (PrnP) in sheep have been associated with resistance / natural susceptibility to the development and progression of the disease. Combinations of alleles at three adjacent codons (136 [A/V], 154 [H/R], 171 [H/Q/R]) underpin the classification of 15 possible genotypes in risk classes, applicable in selection schemes where the maximum resistance is conferred by ARR allele, and the minimum by the VRQ allele. Although, after applying these programmes, the genetic structure of sheep populations has changed favourably, genotype association studies showed that no genotype is completely resistant to the infection, including homozygote ARR / ARR. With the discovery of atypical scrapie (Nor98), it became evident that the connection between the genetics of prion protein gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to the disease must be re-evaluated individually for each breed. In scrapie monitoring and control programmes, three diagnostic categories of the disease are observed: classical scrapie, atypical scrapie and BSE scrapie in small ruminant. This review shows the chronology of progress in the fight for the eradication of TSEs in sheep, 30 years after the BSE epidemic outburst, focusing especially on the link between the molecular diagnostic forms and the genetics of the disease.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of PrnP Genetics: A tool for Molecular Assisted Selection in Sheep Populations (A review)

Coşier¹,

Dărăban²

2016

BUASVMCN-ASB

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“…Kevin C. Gough, 1 Here, sPMCA was applied to the detection of prions in oral secretions during preclinical ovine scrapie infections. Buccal swabs were obtained from preclinical scrapie-infected sheep and prions eluted, concentrated on silicon dioxide and then amplified by sPMCA.…”

Section: Ppo3-14: Oral Secretion Of Prions In Sheep Naturally Exposedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, 1 Prions are known to adsorb to a wide range of soils and soil minerals and remain infectious, thereby facilitating a sustained presence of chronic wasting disease and scrapie. It is likely that the prion protein (PrP), entering the environment in complex, competitive matrices such as animal excreta or tissue, will interact with soil particles under a range of solution chemistries, from dilute solutions to ones highly-concentrated with a variety of salts and organic molecules.…”

Section: Ppo3-15: Effects Of Solution Chemistry On Prion Protein Adsomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Davis M. Seelig, 1 Nicholas J. Haley, 1 Jan P. Langeveld and Edward A. Hoover Although propagation of prion in neurons is believed to be tightly associated with neuronal degeneration, the molecular mechanisms of prion propagation in cells have not been fully understood yet. We previously suggested the possibility that PrP Sc in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells persistently infected with 22L prion strain is dynamically transported through perinuclear regions that are expected to be involved in endosomal recycling pathway.…”

Section: Ppo3-26: Identification Of Renal Origin For Cwd Urinary Priomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ann-Christin Schmädicke, 1 The association between Prnp genotype and susceptibility or resistance to scrapie in sheep is well established, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. The hypothesis behind this study is that resistance to scrapie may be explained by more efficient degradation and clearance of PrP Sc by phagocytic cells, e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells, in sheep with "resistant" genotypes.…”

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Poster Session PPo3:  Transmission and Pathogenesis

2010

Prion

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Introduction. Blood transfusion associated vCJD infection has been observed in three codon 129 MM and one MV genotype cases. Passage of the vCJD agent in humans may generate a more infectious strain leading to an increased threat to the population. To understand whether strain adaptation has occurred we inoculated a panel of wild-type and humanised transgenic mice with material from donor and blood recipient vCJD cases.Results. There was evidence of transmission with all inocula except the brain from the MV genotype case that was devoid of TSE pathology. Incubation period data show similarities across all inocula. The lesion profile scores for TSE vacuolation were similar between; donor and recipients, inocula sources, and mouse lines. The presence of PrP-Sc also confirmed similarities between blood donor and recipient vCJD cases.Methods. Transgenic and wild-type mice were inoculated with brain and spleen material from an MM genotype blood transfusion associated vCJD case, the MV blood transfusion associated preclinical vCJD case, and both vCJD blood donors.Conclusions.(1) Spleen tissue from the MV preclinical vCJD blood recipient was transmissible, indicating that MV hosts can propagate the vCJD agent, and that significant levels of infectious agent are present in the spleen before CNS involvement. 'Silent' spread within the human population is therefore a possibility from these carriers. (2) As blood donor and recipient vCJD cases show similar transmission properties from both brain and spleen material we hypothesise that human-to-human infection via this route has not caused adaptation to a more infectious agent. Background. It is widely regarded that individual mouse adapted TSE strains are distinguished based on reproducible incubation periods and vacoulation patterns unique to a specific mouse line by inoculation via a consistent route. To investigate if a change of route of administration can alter the strain properties in the mice we compared TSE transmission properties and strain stability in IM mice following serial titration of mouse adapted BSE (301V) via oral, intragastric (i.g.) and intracerebral (i.c.) routes. Poster Session PPo3: Transmission and Pathogenesis Results.Analysis of lesion profiles demonstrated that the lesion profiles from the i.c. challenges were elevated compared to the i.g and oral routes although area G 1 (medulla) was consistently high irrespective of route of administration. Within the same route of administration lesion profiles seem to be more stable between different dilutions. Mean incubation periods at the 10-1 dilution following oral or i.g. inoculations were prolonged significantly compared to the i.c route (263, 232 and 123 mean days post inoculation respectively).Materials and Methods. Standardised 301V strain was inoculated into IM mice. Post mortem TSE diagnosis was confirmed by microscopy examination of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections. Lesion profiles which are a graphical representation of vacuolar lesion intensity in specific neuroanatomical areas were cons...

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