Possible biological control of ash dieback using the parasitic Hymenoscyphus fraxineus mitovirus 2?

Abstract

Invasive fungal diseases represent a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. As fungicides are often unfeasible and not a sustainable solution, only a few other control options are available, including biological control. In this context, the use of parasitic mycoviruses as biocontrol agents of fungal pathogens has recently gained particular attention. Since the 1990s, the Asian fungusHymenoscyphus fraxineushas been causing lethal ash dieback across Europe. In the present study, we investigated the biocontrol potential of the mitovirus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus mitovirus 2 (HfMV2) previously identified in Japanese populations of the pathogen. HfMV2 could be successfully introduced via co-culturing into 16 out of 105 virus-free isolates. A virus infection had contrasting effects on fungal growthin vitro, from cryptic to detrimental or beneficial. Virus-infectedH. fraxineusisolates whose growth was reduced by HfMV2 showed a lower virulence on ash (Fraxinus excelsior) saplings compared to their isogenic virus-free isolates. The results suggest that mycoviruses exist in the native populations ofH. fraxineusin Asia that have the potential for biological control of ash dieback in Europe.