Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly — Brazil, 2015

Schüler‐Faccini, Lavínia; Ribeiro, Erlane Marques; Feitosa, Ian M. L.; Horovitz, Dafne Dain Gandelman; Cavalcanti, Denise Pontes; Pessoa, André; Doriqui, Maria Juliana R.; Neri, Joao Ivanildo; Neto, João Monteiro de Pina; Wanderley, Héctor Yuri Conti; Cernach, Mirlene Cecília Soares Pinho; El-Husny, Antonette S.; Pone, Marcos V.S.; Serao, Cassio L. C.; Sanseverino, Maria Teresa Vieira

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e2er

Cited by 210 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hydranencephaly, intracranial calcifications, destructive lesions of the posterior fossa, hydrothorax, ascites, subcutaneous edema, and arthrogryposis have been described in severe cases (68) (69) . It is important to rule out other infectious agents that are known to induce microcephaly (38) (70) before ascribing it to Zika virus infection.…”

Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Silva

Souza

2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The Zika virus epidemic that started in Brazil in 2014 has spread to >30 countries and territories in Latin America, leading to a rapid rise in the incidence of microcephalic newborns and adults with neurological complications. At the beginning of the outbreak, little was known about Zika virus morphology, genome structure, modes of transmission, and its potential to cause neurological malformations and disorders. With the advancement of basic science, discoveries of the mechanisms of strain variability, viral transfer to the fetus, and neurovirulence were published. These will certainly lead to the development of strategies to block vertical viral transmission, neuronal invasion, and pathogenesis in the near future. This paper reviews the current literature on Zika virus infections, with the aim of gaining a holistic insight into their etiology and pathogenesis. We discuss Zika virus history and epidemiology in Brazil, viral structure and taxonomy, old and newly identified transmission modes, and neurological consequences of infection.

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Section: Zika Virus and Microcephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Silva

Souza

2016

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The relation between Zika virus and birth defects is strong enough to be deemed causal, but the argument would be stronger if confi rmed by at least one case-control study and a cohort study. 18 Indeed, the evidence so far comes from case reports, 16 case series, 19,20 modelling studies, 17 and the preliminary report of a cohort study. 7 None of these studies included appropriate population control groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study

Araújo

Rodrigues

Ximenes

et al. 2016

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

406

224

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“…While our paper was under review, a similar ZIKV structure was published 16 showing similar features. There are 180 copies of each of the E and associated M ('membrane') proteins on the virus surface; they are anchored in the bilayer lipid membrane via their transmembrane 1 Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. 2 Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the thermally stable Zika virus

Kostyuchenko

Lim

Zhang

et al. 2016

Nature

446

469

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Zika virus (ZIKV), formerly a neglected pathogen, has recently been associated with microcephaly in fetuses 1 , and with Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults 2 . Here we present the 3.7 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of ZIKV, and show that the overall architecture of the virus is similar to that of other flaviviruses. Sequence and structural comparisons of the ZIKV envelope (E) protein with other flaviviruses show that parts of the E protein closely resemble the neurovirulent West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses, while others are similar to dengue virus (DENV). However, the contribution of the E protein to flavivirus pathobiology is currently not understood. The virus particle was observed to be structurally stable even when incubated at 40 °C, in sharp contrast to the less thermally stable DENV 3 . This is also reflected in the infectivity of ZIKV compared to DENV serotypes 2 and 4 (DENV2 and DENV4) at different temperatures. The cryoelectron microscopy structure shows a virus with a more compact surface. This structural stability of the virus may help it to survive in the harsh conditions of semen 4 , saliva 5 and urine 6 . Antibodies or drugs that destabilize the structure may help to reduce the disease outcome or limit the spread of the virus.Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus, is thought to be principally transmitted to humans by the mosquito (Aedes aegypti) vector. Other flaviviriuses include West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV). ZIKV generally causes a mild disease. However, when pregnant women are infected with ZIKV, there is an increased risk of developing microcephaly in the fetus 1 .Retrospective analysis of data collected from a ZIKV outbreak in French Polynesia in 2013-2014 showed association of the virus with microcephaly 7 . Here we present the 3.7 Å resolution structure of ZIKV strain H/PF/2013 isolated during that outbreak 8 .For cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies, ZIKV was grown in the mosquito cell line at 28 °C and purified at 4 °C by polyethylene glycol precipitation, a sucrose cushion, followed by a potassium tartrate gradient. The gel analysis of the purified sample suggested it contained mostly mature virus (Extended Data Fig. 1). The ZIKV samples were incubated at 28 °C, 37 °C and 40 °C (mimicking high fever) for 30 min, before imaging by cryoEM (Fig. 1a). At 28 °C, there were broken and shrivelled particles together with some smooth surfaced particles (about 500 Å in diameter), similar to the compact DENV mature particles. Conversely, samples incubated at 37 °C and 40 °C showed many more smooth surfaced particles. The presence of a larger fraction of shrivelled particles at 28 °C could be due to the exposure of particles to high osmolality during purification. We speculate that ZIKV particles may expand into smooth surfaced particles when incubated at higher temperatures, making the lipid envelope more fluid, and allowing the structure to revert to its normal state. Some strains of DENV2 (New G...

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Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly — Brazil, 2015

Cited by 210 publications

References 4 publications

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Zika virus: what do we know about the viral structure, mechanisms of transmission, and neurological outcomes?

Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study

Structure of the thermally stable Zika virus

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