Possible association between hepatitis C virus and malignancies different from hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review

Abstract

To date no definitive conclusions may be obtained from the analysis of relationship between HCV and extra-hepatic cancers. Further studies, recruiting an adequate number of patients are required to confirm or deny this association.

Extrahepatic cancers are the leading cause of death in patients achieving hepatitis B virus control or hepatitis C virus eradication

“…Unlike other studies, we only observed a higher risk of hematological malignancies and oral cancers in HCV patients. Different hypotheses can be advanced regarding these two types of cancer: a direct impact of viral replication in the case of lymphoid and related tissue cancers and a potential role for other cancer risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and chronic tobacco and alcohol intake in the case of oral cancer.…”

“…In terms of solid tissue cancers and more particularly smoking‐related cancers (pancreas, rectum, kidney, and lung), our results differed from those of previous studies . As described in the literature on HCV patients, we observed a higher age‐adjusted incidence of oral cancers (SMR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.42‐5.45; P = 0.005); but this risk disappeared after account was taken of confounding factors such as tobacco and alcohol.…”

“…HBV and HCV are associated with the development of hematological malignancies such as non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), predominantly of the B‐cell type . Some studies have also suggested that chronic HCV infection, whatever the severity of the underlying liver disease, may be associated with an increased risk of other solid malignancies affecting the pancreas, rectum, lung, mouth, breast, thyroid, or kidneys . A sustained viral response (SVR) in HCV patients and maintained viral suppression (MVR) by nucleos(t)ide analogues in HBV patients have changed the clinical course of viral cirrhosis during recent decades.…”

Risk of pancreatic cancer in Minia district, Egypt

“…18 Therefore, HCV infection promoting diabetes might act in cooperation with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia in the promotion of pancreatic cancer. 19 The prevalence of HCV antibody in Egypt in 2015 was found to be 10% and that of HCV RNA to be 7% in the age groups 15-59 year. 20 Although, the high prevalence of HCV infection, pancreatic cancer is not common in Egypt.…”

The roles of the exoribonucleases DIS3L2 and XRN1 in human disease

“…During this time, the virus can cause liver scarring, potentially leading to cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure [44]. HCV, along with Hepatitis B, has also been tenuously linked with pancreatic cancer and leukaemia/lymphoma [45][46][47]. The targeting of XRN1 by these viruses indicates that XRN1 is normally vitally important in protecting the cell from these viral pathogens.…”