Possible association between early formula and reduced risk of cow’s milk allergy: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Tezuka, Junichiro; Sanefuji, Masafumi; Ninomiya, Takanori; Kawahara, Toshio; Matsuzaki, Hiroshi; Sonoda, Yuri; Ogawa, Masanobu; Shimono, Masayuki; Suga, Reiko; Honjo, Satoshi; Kusuhara, Koichi; Ohga, Shouichi

doi:10.1111/cea.13761

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While for high-risk infants suffering from severe eczema and atopic dermatitis, a delayed introduction constitutes a considerable risk of developing an allergy in the future, and no credible data are available for medium-risk and low-risk children [6,47]. Furthermore, current investigations have shown that only peanut and egg allergens might negate the onset of allergic complications in Asian populations, and no findings have been reported considering other foods [48,49]. Therefore, with respect to the low prevalence of egg and peanut allergies in these ethnicities, supplementary examinations are required to establish a credible connection between the benefits of early and late introduction of food allergens.…”

Section: Insights From Asian-focused Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food Allergy Prevention: Early Versus Late Introduction of Food Allergens in Children

Djossi¹,

Khedr²,

Neupane³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The emergence of food allergies in children is crucial for various medical fields seeking a viable strategy for allergy prevention. The most well-recognized approach adopted by numerous health care and government institutions hinges on the delay in the introduction of food allergens, which supposedly protects infants from sensitization and decreases the possibility of allergy development. However, recent experimental findings indicate that the benefits of this approach might be overestimated, as early exposure to allergenic foods has been shown to yield more advantageous outcomes. Multiple investigations on the causes of allergic diseases report that avoiding food allergies might be related to early consumption of these allergens. Alternatively, delaying the contact with allergenic nourishments, explored in contemporary research, has been proven to result in a higher prevalence of allergies among children, originating such conditions as atopic diseases and extreme sensitization to foods. The current paper compares the two prominent strategies of allergenic food introduction, gathering the most pertinent modern evidence to distinguish whether exposure to food allergens should be delayed or advanced.

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Section: Insights From Asian-focused Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Food Allergy Prevention: Early Versus Late Introduction of Food Allergens in Children

Djossi¹,

Khedr²,

Neupane³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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show abstract

“…37 It may be that early exposure alone is insufficient and that both early and prolonged exposure is necessary to decrease the risk of allergy. 38 In our study, cow's milk IgG4 levels were significantly higher at 3 months in the control group compared with the intervention group, suggesting that early oral exposure to cow's milk induces IgG4 class switching. In addition to the primary prevention of peanut allergy, 35 raised IgG4 levels have also been associated with successful immunotherapy for cow's milk protein allergy.…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 42%

The effect of diet in infancy on asthma in young adults: the Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study

Hand

Dunstan

Jones

et al. 2021

Thorax

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IntroductionEarly infant diet might influence the risk of subsequent allergic disease.MethodsThe Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study (MAPS) was a randomised controlled trial in infants at high risk of allergic disease. The trial determined whether a cow’s milk exclusion diet for the first 4 months of life decreased the risk of allergic disease including asthma compared with a normal diet. A soya milk preparation was offered to those in the intervention group. A standardised questionnaire for allergic disease was completed at ages 1, 7, 15 and 23 years, with clinical assessment at 1, 7 and 23 years. The effect of the intervention on the risk of atopy, asthma and wheeze at age 23 years was determined.Findings487 subjects entered the study; at age 23 years 299 completed the questionnaire, of which 119 attended clinical assessment. Subjects randomised to the intervention group had a significantly increased risk of atopy (adjusted OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.30 to 6.80; p=0.01) and asthma (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.09 to 3.91; p=0.03) at age 23 years, but not wheeze (OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.87 to 2.37; p=0.16). Earlier exposure to cow’s milk was associated with a decreased risk of wheeze and asthma at age 23 years, while earlier exposure to soya milk was associated with an increased risk of atopy and asthma.InterpretationIn infants at high risk of allergic disease, either cow’s milk exclusion or early soya milk introduction for the first 4 months of life increases the risk of atopy, wheeze and asthma in adulthood.

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“…Epidemiologically, breast feeding may provide a reduced risk of child allergic diseases [34], whereas formula milk feeding may result in an increased risk [35]. However, the JECS data suggested an association between early formula milk intake and a reduced risk of cow's milk allergy [36]. Additionally, drinking cow's milk might be associated with a higher risk of developing allergies [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Yokomichi

Mochizuki

Kojima

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The hygiene hypothesis assumes a low incidence of allergic diseases in families engaging in farming work. However, a few studies have indicated rural life as a potential risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD). Using a large Japanese birth cohort dataset, we calculated the accumulated incidence of AD in children aged 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years by family business and the hazard ratio. We adjusted for confounding factors. The father’s job was considered the family business. We analysed data on 41,469 father–child pairs at 6 months of age, 40,067 pairs at 1 year, 38,286 pairs at 2 years, and 36,570 pairs at 3 years. We found the highest accumulated incidence of AD among children with fathers engaged in primary industry, with 2.5% at the age of 6 months, 6.6% at 1 year, 12.0% at 2 years, and 15.4% at 3 years. Among primary industry occupations, forestry was associated with the highest incidence of AD across these ages. The hazard ratio of AD was also highest for children whose family business was primary industry. In conclusion, the highest incidence and hazard ratio of AD were observed among children whose fathers worked in primary industry.

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Possible association between early formula and reduced risk of cow’s milk allergy: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Food Allergy Prevention: Early Versus Late Introduction of Food Allergens in Children

Food Allergy Prevention: Early Versus Late Introduction of Food Allergens in Children

The effect of diet in infancy on asthma in young adults: the Merthyr Allergy Prevention Study

High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

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