Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars

Home is Where the Heart Is? Forced Migration and Voluntary Return in Turkey's Kurdish Regions

“…McGarry 1998;Carmichael 2002;Mann 2005), only a handful of academic studies have examined voluntary return (Vasileva 1992;Koinova 1999;Dahlman and Ó Tuathail 2005;Iba´nez and Moya 2010;Toal and Grono 2011). And among these, the general assumption is that forced migrations and displacements are irreversible once new demographic facts are established on the ground (e.g., Kaufmann 1996) with few scholars emphasizing successful cases of return (Dahlman and Ó Tuathail 2005;Belloni 2008). Displacement and forced migration remain difficult challenges in many parts of the world.…”

Trends and Causes of Armed Conflict

“…Kaufman (1996), for example, concludes that ethnic civil wars can only be ended through forced separation of the populations. This is otherwise known as ethnic cleansing and appears to assume, as the ethnic cleansers themselves do, that everybody is either in one group (e.g., Serb) or another (e.g., Bosniak), with no possibility that anybody is the off-spring of a mixed marriage.…”

Introduction : « Conflits gelés » de l’ex-URSS

“…Kaufmann a maintes fois soutenu que la partition peut être un moyen équitable et effi cace de résoudre des confl its entre groupes opposés au sein d'un même État -selon le principe que de bonnes frontières font de bons voisins (Kaufmann 1996(Kaufmann , 1998. Cette « solution » controversée serait justifi ée lorsque la violence est prononcée et que la coexistence des groupes ethniques est vue comme un dilemme de sécurité.…”