Possibility of using lichen and mistletoe extracts as potential natural wood preservative

Abstract

Increasing environmental pressures on toxic chemical wood preservatives lead to the development of natural and environmentally friendly wood preservatives. In this study, using possibilities of lichen (Usnea filipendula) and leaves of mistletoe (Viscum album) as potential natural wood preservative were researched. Impregnation procedure was applied at four different concentration levels and with two different extraction methods (hot water and methanol). The concentration levels were arranged as 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% for hot water and as 3,75%; 6,25%; 12,5%; 18,75% for methanol. The treatment procedure has been applied according to the ASTM D-1413 (1988) standard test method. The fungal decay test has been done according to the EN 113 (1996) standard test method using a brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana for both treated test and untreated control samples. The best results were obtained at the highest concentration level of the solutions. However, the weight losses in treated test specimen have not met the standard requirements. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that both natural extracts provide promising protection performance.

A Scoping Review of Genus Viscum: Biological and Chemical Aspects of Alcoholic Extracts

“…Furthermore, one work demonstrated the antifungal capacity of methanolic extract from V. album against Coniophora puteana. The authors proved that the use of extract at 18.75% in wood reduces its mass loss promoted by fungi proliferation by approximately 7.97% [103]. In this sense, considering all antimicrobial results included in this review, it was not possible to compare the results obtained by the authors due to the various extraction techniques applied, concentration of the extracts and microorganisms used in the analysis.…”

A Scoping Review of Genus Viscum: Biological and Chemical Aspects of Alcoholic Extracts

“…Furthermore, one work demonstrated the antifungal capacity of methanolic extract from V. album against Coniophora puteana. The authors proved that the use of extract at 18.75% in wood reduces its mass loss promoted by fungi proliferation by approximately 7.97% [103]. In this sense, considering all antimicrobial results included in this review, it was not possible to compare the results obtained by the authors due to the various extraction techniques applied, concentration of the extracts and microorganisms used in the analysis.…”

Wood Preservation Practices and Future Outlook: Perspectives of Experts from Finland

“…Finnish industry experts predict that the demand and opportunities for more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of wood preservation will increase in the future, and hence the volume of production. This finding is supported by increased worldwide research into bio-based wood preservatives such as mistletoe and lichen extracts [84], propolis extracts [85], and vegetable and fruit peel extracts [86] because of environmental concerns about toxic chemicals, stricter policy pressure, and efforts to mitigate climate change and other global sustainability topics [67].…”

Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties

“…Evernic acid was found to exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms, and anticancer activity against various cell lines [ 4 ]. Usnic acid plays many biological roles such as antibiotic, antifeedant, antimycotic, a photobiont regulator, and a UV filter [ 49 ]. Atranorin was detected only in P. furfuracea.…”

A Scoping Review of Genus Viscum: Biological and Chemical Aspects of Alcoholic Extracts

“…Furthermore, one work demonstrated the antifungal capacity of methanolic extract from V. album against Coniophora puteana. The authors proved that the use of extract at 18.75% in wood reduces its mass loss promoted by fungi proliferation by approximately 7.97% [103]. In this sense, considering all antimicrobial results included in this review, it was not possible to compare the results obtained by the authors due to the various extraction techniques applied, concentration of the extracts and microorganisms used in the analysis.…”

Wood Preservation Practices and Future Outlook: Perspectives of Experts from Finland

“…Finnish industry experts predict that the demand and opportunities for more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of wood preservation will increase in the future, and hence the volume of production. This finding is supported by increased worldwide research into bio-based wood preservatives such as mistletoe and lichen extracts [84], propolis extracts [85], and vegetable and fruit peel extracts [86] because of environmental concerns about toxic chemicals, stricter policy pressure, and efforts to mitigate climate change and other global sustainability topics [67].…”

Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties

“…Evernic acid was found to exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms, and anticancer activity against various cell lines [ 4 ]. Usnic acid plays many biological roles such as antibiotic, antifeedant, antimycotic, a photobiont regulator, and a UV filter [ 49 ]. Atranorin was detected only in P. furfuracea.…”

A Scoping Review of Genus Viscum: Biological and Chemical Aspects of Alcoholic Extracts

“…Furthermore, one work demonstrated the antifungal capacity of methanolic extract from V. album against Coniophora puteana. The authors proved that the use of extract at 18.75% in wood reduces its mass loss promoted by fungi proliferation by approximately 7.97% [103]. In this sense, considering all antimicrobial results included in this review, it was not possible to compare the results obtained by the authors due to the various extraction techniques applied, concentration of the extracts and microorganisms used in the analysis.…”

Wood Preservation Practices and Future Outlook: Perspectives of Experts from Finland

“…Finnish industry experts predict that the demand and opportunities for more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of wood preservation will increase in the future, and hence the volume of production. This finding is supported by increased worldwide research into bio-based wood preservatives such as mistletoe and lichen extracts [84], propolis extracts [85], and vegetable and fruit peel extracts [86] because of environmental concerns about toxic chemicals, stricter policy pressure, and efforts to mitigate climate change and other global sustainability topics [67].…”

Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties

“…Evernic acid was found to exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms, and anticancer activity against various cell lines [ 4 ]. Usnic acid plays many biological roles such as antibiotic, antifeedant, antimycotic, a photobiont regulator, and a UV filter [ 49 ]. Atranorin was detected only in P. furfuracea.…”