Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19

Tang, Cheng-Yi; Ding, Hong; Jiao, Rui-Qing; Wu, Xingxin; Kong, Ling-Dong

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173546

Cited by 86 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(258 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, as mentioned before and shown in Figure 1 , Mg is a cofactor necessary for vitamin D biosynthesis, transport, and activation, while both Mg and vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with several chronic diseases. Both Mg and vitamin D deficiencies seem to be important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as reported by some investigations [ 121 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. COVID-19 is associated with relevant lung [ 160 ] and cardiac impairment [ 161 ].…”

Section: Magnesium and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This small but significant study illustrates the importance of providing sufficient supplementation of these nutrients in circumstances where the requirements are most likely higher while fighting COVID-19 [ 156 ]. Other authors reviewing potential actions of Mg on SARS-Cov2 infection point toward Mg as a possible supporting treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially those critically ill and/or at highest risk of complications [ 154 , 157 ], including also pregnant women [ 157 ].…”

Section: Magnesium and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium in Infectious Diseases in Older People

et al. 2021

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Reduced magnesium (Mg) intake is a frequent cause of deficiency with age together with reduced absorption, renal wasting, and polypharmacotherapy. Chronic Mg deficiency may result in increased oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, which may be linked to several age-related diseases, including higher predisposition to infectious diseases. Mg might play a role in the immune response being a cofactor for immunoglobulin synthesis and other processes strictly associated with the function of T and B cells. Mg is necessary for the biosynthesis, transport, and activation of vitamin D, another key factor in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The regulation of cytosolic free Mg in immune cells involves Mg transport systems, such as the melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 channel, the solute carrier family, and the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1). The functional importance of Mg transport in immunity was unknown until the description of the primary immunodeficiency XMEN (X-linked immunodeficiency with Mg defect, Epstein–Barr virus infection, and neoplasia) due to a genetic deficiency of MAGT1 characterized by chronic Epstein–Barr virus infection. This and other research reporting associations of Mg deficit with viral and bacterial infections indicate a possible role of Mg deficit in the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. In this review, we will discuss the importance of Mg for the immune system and for infectious diseases, including the recent pandemic of COVID-19.

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Section: Magnesium and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Magnesium and Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in Infectious Diseases in Older People

et al. 2021

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“…This low-grade inflammation increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which stimulate the resorption of bone by the induction of the differentiation of osteoclasts from their precursors [ 94 ]. The ability of Mg 2+ to decrease the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as improving lung inflammation, possibly by inhibiting IL-6 pathway, NF-κB pathway, and L-type calcium channels [ 95 ], has raised the hypothesis of a possible magnesium supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 patients, as suggested in the recent papers by Tang [ 96 ] and Iotti [ 97 ].…”

Section: Biochemistry Of Magnesium To Understand the Consequences Of Its Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency

et al. 2021

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Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.

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“…By stimulating a pro-inflammatory state, increasing cytokine release, and endothelial dysfunction, hypomagnesemia may have an important role in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy ( 201 ). Magnesium supplementation has been used as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients and recommended for prevention and treatment, particularly in patients at risk for severe infection ( 202 ). Moreover, there is an association between hypomagnesemia and ischemic stroke due to vasoconstriction and hypertension ( 203 ).…”

Section: Critical Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pictorial Overview of the Pathoetiology

Neshin

Shahjouei

Koza

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Since the early days of the pandemic, there have been several reports of cerebrovascular complications during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Numerous studies proposed a role for SARS-CoV-2 in igniting stroke. In this review, we focused on the pathoetiology of stroke among the infected patients. We pictured the results of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion to the central nervous system (CNS) via neuronal and hematogenous routes, in addition to viral infection in peripheral tissues with extensive crosstalk with the CNS. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release and activation of the immune system, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, endotheliitis and vasculitis, hypoxia, imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system, and cardiovascular complications that all may lead to the incidence of stroke. Critically ill patients, those with pre-existing comorbidities and patients taking certain medications, such as drugs with elevated risk for arrhythmia or thrombophilia, are more susceptible to a stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection. By providing a pictorial narrative review, we illustrated these associations in detail to broaden the scope of our understanding of stroke in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also discussed the role of antiplatelets and anticoagulants for stroke prevention and the need for a personalized approach among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19

Cited by 86 publications

References 179 publications

Magnesium in Infectious Diseases in Older People

Magnesium in Infectious Diseases in Older People

Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency

Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pictorial Overview of the Pathoetiology

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