Possibilities to improve soil aggregate stability using biochars derived from various biomasses through slow pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, or torrefaction

Heikkinen, Jaakko; Keskinen, Riikka; Soinne, Helena; Hyväluoma, Jari; Nikama, Johanna; Wikberg, Hanne; Källi, Anssi; Siipola, Virpi; Melkior, Thierry; Dupont, Capucine; Campargue, Matthieu; Larsson, Sylvia H.; Hannula, Markus; Rasa, Kimmo

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.028

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…All Fe concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.015 mg/L. These results are consistent with other CEC studies performed for different biochar adsorbents (e.g., [32]).…”

Section: Removal Of Organic Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 91%

Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal

et al. 2020

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The applicability of steam activated pine and spruce bark biochar for storm water and wastewater purification has been investigated. Biochar samples produced from the bark of scots pine (Pinus sylvestrus) and spruce (Picea spp.) by conventional slow pyrolysis at 475 °C were steam activated at 800 °C. Steam activation was selected as a relatively inexpensive method for creating porous biochar adsorbents from the bark-containing sidestreams of the wood refining industry. A suite of standard analytical procedures were carried out to quantify the performance of the activated biochar in removing both cations and residual organics from aqueous media. Phenol and microplastics retention and cation exchange capacity were employed as key test parameters. Despite relatively low surface areas (200–600 m2/g), the steam-activated biochars were highly suitable adsorbents for the chemical species tested as well as for microplastics removal. The results indicate that ultra-high porosities are not necessary for satisfactory water purification, supporting the economic feasibility of bio-based adsorbent production.

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“…All Fe concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.015 mg/L. These results are consistent with other CEC studies performed for different biochar adsorbents (e.g., [32]).…”

Section: Removal Of Organic Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 91%

Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal

et al. 2020

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“…Sigma Plot 10.0 software was used for drawing gures. The microstructures of the synthesized composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS SUPRA40) [23,24]. All analyses were conducted in triplicate.…”

Section: Biochar Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of biochar on the metabolic networks of a PHE-degrading microbial community and its influencing mechanism on soil biogeochemical cycles

Li¹,

Li²,

Song³

et al. 2020

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Background: Straw pyrolysis into biochar are beneficial for resource recovery and soil improvement. However, little is known about how biochar influences polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolic pathways and biogeochemical cycles in PAH-contaminated agricultural soil. Here we assessed the influence of biochar and bacterial inoculant on the soil physicochemical properties, the microorganisms involved in the metabolism of PAH and C, N, P and S cycling.Results: The addition of biochar and bacterial inoculant improved soil fertility and crop nutrition. The community metabolism of phenanthrene was revealed by modeling a gene network based on shotgun metagenomes. Biochar addition in soil promoted the abundance of various phenanthrene-degrading microorganisms involved in multiple steps of phenanthrene catabolism, thereby promoting phenanthrene degradation. Meanwhile, biochar addition increased nitrate reduction and degradation of relatively easily decomposable organic carbon, including cellulose, but it also inhibited lignin and chitin degradation and C and N fixation, while the addition of bacterial inoculant partially mitigated biochar’s inhibitory effects in element cycle and inhibited N2O emission, which alleviated the greenhouse effect.Conclusions: When bioremediating PAH-contaminated soil, recommendation is to use biochar combined with functional microorganism. This work contributes to expand the current knowledge of the treatment of contaminated soil and provide some empirical evidence for the treatment of contaminated soil by biochar and bacterial inoculant.

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“…One of the reasons for different biochars behavior in the meaning of sinking or floating on the manure surface could be a difference in hydrophobicity of biochars. Higher hydrophobicity decreases liquid absorption, which prevents biochar from sinking in manure [45]. Hydrophobicity of biochar is associated with residual alkyl functional groups, which can be decomposed by a higher temperature of charring.…”

Section: Observation Of Biochar Layer Interaction With Swine Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

Meiirkhanuly¹,

Kozieł²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Environmental impact associated with odor and gaseous emissions from animal manure is one of the challenges for communities, farmers, and regulatory agencies. Microbe-based manure additives treatments are marketed and used by farmers for mitigation of emissions. However, their performance is difficult to assess objectively. Thus, comprehensive, practical, and low-cost treatments are still in demand. We have been advancing such treatments based on physicochemical principles. The objective of this research was to test the effect of the surficial application of a thin layer (¼"; 6.3 mm) of biochar on the mitigation of gaseous emissions (as the percent reduction, % R) from swine manure. Two types of biochar were tested: highly alkaline and porous (HAP) biochar made from corn stover and red oak (RO), both with different pH and morphology. Three 30-day trials were conducted with a layer of HAP and RO (2.0 & 1.65 kg∙m-2, respectively) applied on manure surface, and emissions of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured. The manure and biochar type and properties had an impact on the mitigation effect and its duration. RO significantly reduced NH3 (19-39%) and p-cresol (66-78%). H2S was mitigated (16~23%), but not significantly for all trials. Significant (66~78%) reductions for p-cresol were observed for all trials. The phenolic VOCs had relatively high % R in most trials but not significantly for all trials. HAP reduced NH3 (4~21%) and H2S (2~22%), but not significantly for all trials. Significant % R for p-cresol (91~97%) and skatole (74~95%) were observed for all trials. The % R for phenol and indole ranged from (60~99%) & (29~94%) but was not significant for all trials. The impact on GHGs, isobutyric acid, and the odor was mixed with some mitigation and generation effects. However, larger-scale experiments are needed to understand how biochar properties and the dose and frequency of application can be optimized to mitigate odor and gaseous emissions from swine manure. The lessons learned can also be applicable to surficial biochar treatment of gaseous emissions from other waste and area sources.

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Possibilities to improve soil aggregate stability using biochars derived from various biomasses through slow pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, or torrefaction

Cited by 64 publications

References 60 publications

Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal

Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal

Impact of biochar on the metabolic networks of a PHE-degrading microbial community and its influencing mechanism on soil biogeochemical cycles

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

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