Possibilities of mercury removal in the dry flue gas cleaning lines of solid waste incineration units

Svoboda, Karel; Hartman, Miloslav; Šyc, Michal; Pohořelý, Michael; Kameníková, Petra; Jeremiáš, Michal; Durda, Tomáš

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.001

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The percentages of Hg 0 (g) and Hg 2+ (g) were determined by the continuous Hg 0 analyser VM3000 and sorption/capture of Hg 2+ in the suitable ion exchanger resin (Dowex) respectively. It is known that for normal concentrations of HCl in MSWI flue gas, mercury chloride (HgCl2) is the dominant Hg compound present in such a flue gas (Senior et al, 2000, Svoboda et al, 2016. The results obtained in this study confirm the clear influence of HCl on the Hg oxidation extent, ranging from 8% up to 34% of Hg 2+ .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…temperature and kinds of air pollution control devices (APCDs)) modify the Hg interactions, its speciation and its final distribution. Data on behaviour and distribution of mercury can be found in literature, both for WtE plants (Svoboda et al, 2016, Hall et al, 1990, Gasper et al, 1997Widmer et al, 1998Widmer et al, , 2000 and coal combustion processes (Naruse et al, 2010, Xu et al, 2003, Niksa et al, 2001. Heterogeneous oxidation of mercury on the surface of fly ash particles is as important (or even more important in the case of coal combustion) as the homogeneous oxidation of mercury (Niksa et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of gaseous mercury emissions from waste-to-energy facilities: Homogeneous and heterogeneous Hg-oxidation pathways in presence of fly ashes

Rumayor

Svoboda

Švehla

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

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This study describes the main mechanisms that take part in the mercury homogeneous oxidation pathway in presence of some of the main reactive compounds formed during waste incineration processes (O, HCl, SO and NO). Series of model, synthetic dry flue gases were used to elucidate the effects of HCl, SO, NO and their proportions in the gas on mercury behaviour. Three samples of fly ash collected from a MSWI facility were characterized and evaluated both for Hg heterogeneous oxidation and Hg removal in a laboratory scale device. The results obtained in this study showed that homogeneous mercury oxidation in the models MSWI and coal combustion flue gas atmospheres was 52 ± 5% and 25%, respectively. SO, NO and HCl have a synergetic effect in Hg oxidation in presence of oxygen, but the main differences found are mainly caused by the strong influence of HCl and the likely inhibitory oxidation effects of SO. Surface area together with carbon and chloride content of the fly ashes were correlated with their capacity for Hg-heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption. The sample of fly ash with relatively high content of unburnt carbon and chlorine, and with BET surface (2.42 m/g) was able to remove up to 100% of Hg (g) during 300 min. The results obtained in this study provide a complete overview of the behaviour of mercury during MSWI processes and may help to clarify the fate/behaviour of mercury in a filter (e.g. electrostatic precipitator) providing a deeper knowledge about the impacts of fly ash properties on mercury fate in waste incineration.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of gaseous mercury emissions from waste-to-energy facilities: Homogeneous and heterogeneous Hg-oxidation pathways in presence of fly ashes

Rumayor

Svoboda

Švehla

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…In contrast with those forms of mercury mentioned above, Hg 0 vapour is difficult to control because of its high volatility and insolubility in water (Pavlish et al, 2003). Dry flue gas cleaning methods based on solid reactive sorbents are often used in MSWI, but their efficiency in mercury removal, interferences and side effects need to be further studied (Svoboda et al, 2016). Injection of activated carbon is a potentially applicable method for capturing mercury, which is removed downstream by a particulate matter control device (Svoboda et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry flue gas cleaning methods based on solid reactive sorbents are often used in MSWI, but their efficiency in mercury removal, interferences and side effects need to be further studied (Svoboda et al, 2016). Injection of activated carbon is a potentially applicable method for capturing mercury, which is removed downstream by a particulate matter control device (Svoboda et al, 2016). However, some flue gas components are also adsorbed by activated carbon, competing with mercury and therefore the efficiency of Hg-sorption is compromised.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury removal from MSW incineration flue gas by mineral-based sorbents

et al. 2018

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Three samples of commercially available mineral-based sorbents (zeolite, bentonite and diatomaceous earth) were selected and evaluated for Hg capture under conditions of simulated dry flue gas atmosphere typical in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI). The experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fixed-bed device at temperatures between 120 and 200 °C. Two samples of activated carbons (AC) (raw-AC and sulphur impregnated AC) were tested under the same conditions. The mineral-based sorbents were chemically promoted by sulphur, FeCl and CaBr, achieving an improvement in the overall reduction percentage of Hgout (g) up to 85%, which was comparable to that obtained using a commercial activated carbon for Hg capture (sulphur impregnated AC). The study demonstrates that sorbents with a matrix relatively richer in TiO, FeO and AlO, as bentonite, favour Hg heterogeneous oxidation. The best Hg capture capacity was achieved with a zeolite sorbent sample characterized by high specific surface (132 m/g) and impregnated with elemental sulphur. The final form of mercury retained in this sorbent was HgS with proved long-term stability in disposal and landfilling. The higher the temperature, the lower the efficiency of Hg capture being the optimum temperature for Hg-capture in the range of 120-150 °C. This study provides a basis for the development of new efficient non-carbon sorbents for mercury removal in the air pollution control lines of MSWI facilities considering the non-hazardous final form of mercury and its long-term landfilling/sequestration.

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Role of Ceria in the Design of Composite Materials for Elemental Mercury Removal

Jampaiah

Chalkidis

Sabri

et al. 2018

The Chemical Record

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The necessity to drastically act against mercury pollution has been emphatically addressed by the United Nations. Coal‐fired power plants contribute a great deal to the anthropogenic emissions; therefore, numerous sorbents/catalysts have been developed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gases. Among them, ceria (CeO2) has attracted significant interest, due to its reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair, surface‐bound defects and acid‐base properties. The removal efficiency of Hg0 vapor depends among others, on the flue gas composition and temperature. CeO2 can be incorporated into known materials in such a way that the abatement process can be effective at different operating conditions. Hence, the scope of this account is to discuss the role of CeO2 as a promoter, active phase and support in the design of composite Hg0 sorbents/catalysts. The elucidation of each of these roles would allow the integration of CeO2 advantageous characteristics to such degree, that tailor‐made environmental solution to complex issues can be provided within a broader application scope. Besides, it would offer invaluable input to theoretical calculations that could enable the materials screening and engineering at a low cost and with high accuracy.

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Possibilities of mercury removal in the dry flue gas cleaning lines of solid waste incineration units

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Mitigation of gaseous mercury emissions from waste-to-energy facilities: Homogeneous and heterogeneous Hg-oxidation pathways in presence of fly ashes

Mitigation of gaseous mercury emissions from waste-to-energy facilities: Homogeneous and heterogeneous Hg-oxidation pathways in presence of fly ashes

Mercury removal from MSW incineration flue gas by mineral-based sorbents

Role of Ceria in the Design of Composite Materials for Elemental Mercury Removal

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