Possibilities for preserving genetic resources in birds

Benešová, Barbora; Trefil, Pavel

doi:10.1017/s0043933916000489

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The established workflow can be easily adopted to preserve other rare breeds and rare alleles by PGC-mediated biobanking. For chicken, cryobanking of PGCs is an extension to sperm preservation 32 . It would be a benefit to capture rare alleles to be prepared for adapting breeds to future environments or market demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and characterization of primordial germ cells from blue layer hybrids (Araucana crossbreeds) and generation of germline chimeric chickens

Altgilbers

Klein

Dierks

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The chicken (Gallus gallus) is one of the most common and widespread domestic species, with an estimated total population of 25 billion birds worldwide. The vast majority of chickens in agriculture originate from hybrid breeding programs and is concentrated on few commercially used high performance lines, whereas numerous local and indigenous breeds are at risk to become extinct. To preserve the genomic resources of rare and endangered chicken breeds innovative methods are necessary. Here, we established a solid workflow for the derivation and biobanking of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) from blue layer hybrids. To achieve this, embryos of a cross of heterozygous blue egg layers were sampled to obtain blood derived and gonadal male as well as female PGCs of different genotypes (homozygous, heterozygous and nullizygous blue-allele bearing). The total efficiency of established PGC lines was 45% (47/104) within an average of 49 days until they reached sufficient numbers of cells for cryopreservation. The stem-cell character of the cultivated PGCs was confirmed by SSEA-1 immunostaining, and RT-PCR amplification of the pluripotency- and PGC-specific genes cPOUV, cNANOG, cDAZL and CVH. The Sleeping Beauty transposon system allowed to generate a stable integration of a Venus fluorophore reporter into the chicken genome. Finally, we demonstrated that, after re-transfer into chicken embryos, Venus-positive PGCs migrated and colonized the forming gonads. Semen samples of 13 raised cell chimeric roosters were analyzed by flow cytometry for the efficiency of germline colonization by the transferred PGCs carrying the Venus reporter and their proper differentiation into vital spermatids. Thus, we provide a proof-of-concept study for the potential use of PGCs for the cryobanking of rare breeds or rare alleles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and characterization of primordial germ cells from blue layer hybrids (Araucana crossbreeds) and generation of germline chimeric chickens

Altgilbers

Klein

Dierks

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Cryopreservation and subsequent functional recovery of germplasm allows long-term availability of genetic resources and reduces the cost ( Silversides et al , 2012 ) and therefore can be a feasible alternative to maintaining live flocks. It is critical to maintain female germplasm in poultry species in order to preserve the genetic information carried by the W chromosome and mitochondrial DNA ( Silversides and Liu, 2012 ; Benesova and Trefil, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Morphology and Apoptosis of Ovarian Tissue after Cryopreservation using a Vitrification Method in Post-Hatching Turkey Poults, <i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>

2017

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The objectives of this study were to examine morphological changes of oogonia and primordial follicles in the ovaries of turkey poults within the first week after hatching, and to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on histology and apoptosis of these immature ovaries. Ovaries from poults at Day 1, Day 3, Day 5 and Day 7 post-hatch were cryopreserved using a modified vitrification method. The histology of oogonia and primordial follicles in fresh and cryopreserved tissue was assessed, and the apoptosis of tissue in different age groups was identified using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The mean oogonium diameter in fresh tissue increased from 11.9±1.3 μm (Day 1) to 15.2±2.7 μm (Day 7) within the first week; however, oogonia in cryopreserved tissue from Day 3 and Day 7 ovaries were smaller than those in fresh tissue (P＜0.05). Formation of primordial follicles was observed as early as Day 5. For Day 7 ovaries, follicles in cryopreserved tissue were smaller than those in fresh tissue; this was also true for oocyte diameter (P＜0.05). Apoptosis was most frequent in Day 1 fresh tissue, which was reduced as the poults aged. The frequency of apoptosis in cryopreserved tissue was comparable among age groups. This study provides the first documentation of morphological changes in the turkey ovary within the first week post-hatching. Results suggest that oogonia and primordial follicles that are smaller in size could be more resistant to the damage caused by cryopreservation. Of the ages assessed in this study, it is concluded that 3 days of age appears optimal for recovery of donor ovaries for cryopreservation, taking the advance of reduced cryoinjury and ease of tissue handling at this age.

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“…A relatively new technology is the transplantation of cryopreserved gonad cells from neonatal chickens to adult recipients for reproduction of donor offspring. This method of transplantation can contribute to the conservation of endangered bird species and maintain their genetic variability (Benesova, Trefil, 2016). Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is actually the only effective way to preserve in vitro female germ plasma in birds.…”

Section: Semen Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current state of the problem of in vitrogene pool preservation in poultry

2020

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This review presents the current progress in and approaches to in vitroconservation of reproductive cells of animals, including birds, such as cryopreservation and freeze-drying, as well as epigenetic conditions for re storing viable spermatozoa and female gametes after conservation. Cryopreservation is an effective way to preserve reproductive cells of various species of animals and birds. In vitrogene pool conservation is aimed primarily to the restoration of extinct breeds and populations and to the support of genetic diversity in populations prone to genetic drift. It is the combination of ex situ in vivoand ex situ in vitromethods that can form the basic principles of the strategy of animal genetic diversity preservation. Also, use of cryopreserved semen allows faster breeding in industrial poultry farming. Despite numerous advances in semen cryobiology, new methods that can more efficiently restore semen fertility after cryopreservation are being sought. The mechanisms underlying the effect of cryopreservation on the semen parameters of cocks are insufficiently understood. The review reflects the results of recent research in the field of cryopreservation of female and male germ cells, embryonic cells, the search for new ways in the field of genetic diversity in vitro (the development of new cryoprotective media and new conservation technologies: freeze-drying). Molecular aspects of cryopreservation and the mechanisms of cryopreservation influence on the epigenetic state of cells are highlighted. Data on the results of studies in the field of male reproductive cell lyophilization are presented. The freeze-drying of reproductive cells, as a technology for cheaper access to the genetic material of wild and domestic animals, compared to cryopreservation, attracts the attention of scientists in Japan, Israel, Egypt, Spain, and France. There is growing interest in the use of lyophilized semen in genetic engineering technologies. Methods of freeze-drying are developed taking into account the species of birds. Organizational and legal ways of solving the problems of in vitroconservation of genetic resources of farm animals, including birds, are proposed.

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Possibilities for preserving genetic resources in birds

Cited by 11 publications

References 117 publications

Cultivation and characterization of primordial germ cells from blue layer hybrids (Araucana crossbreeds) and generation of germline chimeric chickens

Cultivation and characterization of primordial germ cells from blue layer hybrids (Araucana crossbreeds) and generation of germline chimeric chickens

Microscopic Morphology and Apoptosis of Ovarian Tissue after Cryopreservation using a Vitrification Method in Post-Hatching Turkey Poults, <i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>

The current state of the problem of in vitrogene pool preservation in poultry

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