Positron Emission Tomography

Reiman, Eric M.; Mintun, Mark A.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1990.00390160007001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Raclopride appeared to provide more specific estimation of D 2 receptor distribution than spiperone. Much work is still needed to develop and validate models for receptor measurement (Reiman and Mintun 1990).…”

Section: Functional Studies: Neuroreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia Research

Gur¹,

Pearlson

1993

Schizophrenia Bulletin

128

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Neuroimaging has advanced the study of brain structure and function in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance imaging provides measures of whole brain and regional anatomy and cerebrospinal fluid volume. Functional methods have included the Xenon-133 technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF); positron emission tomography for assessing metabolism, CBF, and neuroreceptor functioning; and single photon emission computed tomography for studying CBF and neuroreceptors. Despite heterogeneity of patient samples, and studies which differed in the methodologies applied, there is converging evidence implicating three brain systems: frontal, temporolimbic, and basal ganglia. Current emphasis is aimed at probing specific regions across imaging modalities. Now these findings and research paradigms in neuroimaging must be integrated with phenomenological, neurobehavioral, and neuropathological investigations. The application of this technology is already helping to elucidate the neurobiology of schizophrenia, and further important advances can be anticipated.Neuroimaging methodology has been applied more to the study of schizophrenia than to any other psychiatric disorder. Investigators of brain function in schizophrenia have had to meet the challenge of using developing technology in a complex and heterogeneous disorder. In this article we will first summarize and review major issues and findings in the neurobiology of schizophrenia through the use of neuroimaging, emphasizing the last 5 years. We will then provide an integration across modalities, relating neuroimaging findings to neuropathological and neurobehavioral studies and focusing on brain systems likely to be involved in schizophrenia.Advances have been made in two related domains of neuroimaging research: structure and function. Structure is examined in neuroanatomic studies, which provide parameters of brain volume. Function is studied in neurophysiologic research, which provides measures of brain energy metabolism (glucose, oxygen) and blood flow; neurochemical research provides information on neuroreceptor density and affinity. Neuroimaging techniques have been able to both inform and advance hypotheses currently influencing schizophrenia research.Questions of the relation between functional and structural changes and symptom clusters are now easier to address. Dysfunction has been identified in neocortical association areas, temporolimbic regions, and basal ganglia (e.g., Buchsbaum 1990). In retrospect, our initial hypotheses regarding schizophrenia were simplistic. It is unlikely that a disorder as complex as schizophrenia is associated with a single structural or functional lesion in a single neuroanatomical location, and in fact, no such lesion has been identified. However, several findings have emerged consistently, and initial attempts have been made to link

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Section: Functional Studies: Neuroreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia Research

Gur¹,

Pearlson

1993

Schizophrenia Bulletin

128

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“…De este modo, aquellas células que tengan requerimientos energéticos elevados consumirán mayor cantidad de glucosa y del radiotrazador 18 FDG que el tejido sano, ya que los transportadores GLUT de la membrana plasmática incorporan rápidamente ambas moléculas al interior de la célula. El uso de la PET con 18 FDG permite por tanto, mediante la obtención no invasiva de imá-genes, detectar la elevada actividad glicolítica del tejido tumoral y lo diferencia con precisión del tejido sano 22 . Estos criterios metabólicos suponen una ventaja frente a las técnicas de diagnóstico por imagen radiológica, cuyos criterios son morfológicos.…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Clinical value of positron emission tomography with F-18-FDG in the follow up of patients with cancer of the ovary

García-Velloso¹,

López²,

Galan³

et al. 2009

An Sist Sanit Navar

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RESUMENFundamento. La tomografía por emisión de positrones con flúor-18-desoxiglucosa (PET-FDG) es una técnica eficaz en la detección de tejido tumoral. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la PET-FDG en el diagnóstico de enfermedad residual o recidiva en pacientes con cáncer de ovario.Material y métodos. Se incluyeron un total de 24 pacientes diagnosticadas y tratadas por cáncer de ovario con cirugía y posterior quimioterapia. En 12 pacientes el estudio se realizó previo a la cirugía de second-look y en las otras 12 tras objetivarse en el seguimiento un aumento del marcador tumoral. En todas las pacientes se realizó TAC abdomino-pélvico, determinación de los niveles séricos de CA-125 y PET-FDG de tórax, abdomen y pelvis. La PET-FDG se valoró de forma cualitativa, mediante el estudio visual de las imágenes, y cuantitativa mediante el SUV o valor estándar de captación. El diagnóstico definitivo se confirmó mediante el estudio anatomopatológico en 13 casos y en el resto por seguimiento clínico con una media de 11,2±5,4 meses (rango 6-24).Resultados. Se consideró positivo un valor de CA-125 superior a 35 UI/ml, obteniendo una sensibilidad del 77% y una especificidad del 100%. La sensibilidad del TAC fue del 23% y la especificidad 91%. Con la PET-FDG la sensibilidad fue del 92% y la especificidad del 90%. Se consideró patológico un valor SUV ≥ 3, obteniéndose los mismos resultados que con la valoración visual. La PET-FDG fue positiva en 5 pacientes con TAC no concluyente, 4 con TAC negativo y 2 con CA-125 negativo.Conclusión. Estos resultados preliminares sugieren que la PET-FDG puede ser útil en el seguimiento de pacientes tratadas por cáncer de ovario. La PET-FDG puede ser especialmente eficaz en la diferenciación entre enfermedad residual o recurrencia frente a secuelas del tratamiento cuando la TAC no es concluyente debido a la distorsión anatómica. La PET-FDG puede ser más sensible que la elevación del marcador y ante una elevación de éste permite la localización no invasiva de la enfermedad.Palabras clave. Tomografía por emisión de positrones. Flúor-desoxiglucosa. Cáncer de ovario. ABSTRACTBackground. Positron emission tomography with fluor-18-deoxyglucose (PET-FDG) is an efficient technique for the detection of tumoural tissue. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the PET-FDG in the diagnosis of residual disease or relapse in patients with cancer of the ovary.Methods. A total of 24 patients, diagnosed and treated for cancer of the ovary with surgery and subsequent chemotherapy, were included. With 12 patients the study was carried out prior to second-look surgery, and with the other 12 after objectivising an increase of the tumoural marker in the follow up. Abdominal-pelvic CAT, determination of the seric levels of CA-125 and PET-FDG of thorax, abdomen and pelvis were carried out on all patients. The PET-FDG was evaluated in a qualitative way through the visual study of the images, and quantitatively through the SUV or standard uptake value. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed through an anatomopathological s...

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