Positivity bias in judging ingroup members’ emotional expressions.

Lazerus, Talya; Ingbretsen, Zachary A.; Stolier, Ryan M.; Freeman, Jonathan B.; Cikara, Mina

doi:10.1037/emo0000227

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Besides simplifying the social world, group affiliation alters the appraisal of facial features and emotional expressions displayed by others (Elfenbein & Ambady, ; Weisbuch & Ambady, ; Lazerus et al ., ). For instance, people are more likely to categorize happy faces as belonging to in‐group members (Hugenberg & Bodenhausen, ; Dunham et al ., ), and angry faces as belonging to out‐group members (Hugenberg & Bodenhausen, ; Dunham et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Minimal group membership biases early neural processing of emotional expressions

Gamond

Vilarem

Safra

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Mere affiliation with a social group alters people's perception of other individuals. One suggested mechanism behind such influence is that group membership triggers divergent visual facial representations for in-group and out-group members, which could constrain face processing. Here, using electroencephalography (EEG) under functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) during a group categorization task, we investigated the impact of mere affiliation to an arbitrary group on the processing of emotional faces. The results indicate that in- and out-group members trigger differential event-related potential activity, appearing 150 ms after presentation of group membership information, which correlated with medial prefrontal fMRI activity. Additionally, EEG activity in the earliest stages of face processing (30-100 ms after expression onset) dissociated unexpected group-related emotions (in-group anger and out-group joy) from expected ones and correlated with temporo-parietal junction fMRI activity. We discuss the possibility that such dissociation may result from top-down influences from divergent representations for in-group and out-group members. Taken together, the present results suggest that mere membership in an arbitrary group polarized expectations which constrain the first steps of face processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Minimal group membership biases early neural processing of emotional expressions

Gamond

Vilarem

Safra

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Emotions conveyed in facial expressions are perceived differently by individuals of different cultural backgrounds (Biehl et al, 1997 ; Jack et al, 2012 ), age and sex (Hall and Matsumoto, 2004 ; Isaacowitz et al, 2017 ), and with different in-group/out-group biases (Lazerus et al, 2016 ). Neural responses to the same face emotion stimuli also differ across people groups, further supporting the notion that persons from different social or demographic backgrounds have psychologically different experiences of the same emotional signals (St Jacques et al, 2009 ; Stevens and Hamann, 2012 ; Hilimire et al, 2014 ; Gamond et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East Asian Young and Older Adult Perceptions of Emotional Faces From an Age- and Sex-Fair East Asian Facial Expression Database

Lin

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Front. Psychol.

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There is increasing interest in clarifying how different face emotion expressions are perceived by people from different cultures, of different ages and sex. However, scant availability of well-controlled emotional face stimuli from non-Western populations limit the evaluation of cultural differences in face emotion perception and how this might be modulated by age and sex differences. We present a database of East Asian face expression stimuli, enacted by young and older, male and female, Taiwanese using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Combined with a prior database, this present database consists of 90 identities with happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, surprised and neutral expressions amounting to 628 photographs. Twenty young and 24 older East Asian raters scored the photographs for intensities of multiple-dimensions of emotions and induced affect. Multivariate analyses characterized the dimensionality of perceived emotions and quantified effects of age and sex. We also applied commercial software to extract computer-based metrics of emotions in photographs. Taiwanese raters perceived happy faces as one category, sad, angry, and disgusted expressions as one category, and fearful and surprised expressions as one category. Younger females were more sensitive to face emotions than younger males. Whereas, older males showed reduced face emotion sensitivity, older female sensitivity was similar or accentuated relative to young females. Commercial software dissociated six emotions according to the FACS demonstrating that defining visual features were present. Our findings show that East Asians perceive a different dimensionality of emotions than Western-based definitions in face recognition software, regardless of age and sex. Critically, stimuli with detailed cultural norms are indispensable in interpreting neural and behavioral responses involving human facial expression processing. To this end, we add to the tools, which are available upon request, for conducting such research.

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“…Prejudice can be defined as "an individual-level attitude (whether subjectively positive or negative) toward groups and their members that creates or maintains hierarchical status relations between groups" (Dovidio, Hewstone, Glick, & Esses, 2013, p. 7; see also Dovidio, Schellhaas, & Pearson, 2019). Two domains of target group characteristics that have been found to have a strong influence on prejudice are ethnicity (e.g., Fiske, 1998;Lazerus, Ingbretsen, Stolier, Freeman, & Cikara, 2016;Reynolds, Turner, Haslam, & Ryan, 2001;Tajfel, 1970) and religion (religious affilliation and religious strength; A. M. Ahmed, 2010;S. Ahmed & Matthes, 2017;Park, Malachi, Sternin, & Tevet, 2009;Sheridan, 2006).…”

Section: Target Group Affiliations and Prejudicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

Stecker¹,

Bürkner²,

Hellmann³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The present article applies an individual differences approach to integrate research on the prejudicial devaluation of outgroup members with research on interpersonal perceptions. We focus on first impressions of refugees, who are one of the most heatedly discussed minorities in Western societies. How are refugees evaluated at first sight on average by majority group members, and which individual target and perceiver differences affect these evaluations? In two studies, German perceivers (total N = 938) evaluated 60 (Study 1) and 48 (Study 2) male target photos of majority individuals (presented as Germans) and Middle Eastern minority individuals (presented as refugees). In Study 2, we included information about targets’ religious affilliations (Christian, Muslim) and religiousness (weakly religious, devout). To predict individual differences in evaluation outcomes, targets’ facial characteristics (physical attractiveness, smiling) were coded, and perceiver attitudes (right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, political ideology) were assessed. Results showed (a) no overall devaluation of refugees or Muslims, (b) strong effects of target attractiveness and smiling on evaluations, which were consistent across ingroup and outgroup, (c) strong effects of perceiver attitudes on prejudices toward refugees and Muslims, and (d) no effects of the interactions between perceiver attitudes and target cues on evaluations. Together, these findings underline the utility of an individual difference approach for understanding prejudiced evaluations of refugees and outgroup members in general.

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Positivity bias in judging ingroup members’ emotional expressions.

Cited by 36 publications

References 55 publications

Minimal group membership biases early neural processing of emotional expressions

Minimal group membership biases early neural processing of emotional expressions

East Asian Young and Older Adult Perceptions of Emotional Faces From an Age- and Sex-Fair East Asian Facial Expression Database

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

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