Positively charged porphyrins: a new series of photosensitizers for sterilization of RBCs

Trannoy, Laurence L.; Lagerberg, Johan W.M.; Dubbelman, T. M. A. R.; Schuitmaker, Hans J.; Brand, Anneke

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.03275.x

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In comparative studies, AS‐3 was shown to prevent postthaw hemolysis better than the ASs EAS‐61 13 and AS‐1 7 . In addition, after certain pathogen inactivation procedures, RBC integrity was better maintained in AS‐3 compared to SAGM 14,15 . The main difference between AS‐3 and the other studied ASs is the presence of high amounts of citrate (22 mmol/L) and phosphate (15.5 mmol/L) in AS‐3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Altered processing of thawed red cells to improve the in vitro quality during postthaw storage at 4°C

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Altered processing of thawed red cells to improve the in vitro quality during postthaw storage at 4°C

et al. 2007

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“…We previously reported that it was active in mediating PDI against gram-positive bacteria (44). TriP(4) is a cationic porphyrin that has been reported to be active in mediating PDI against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (27) as well as fungi (43) and viruses (47). The pL-ce6 conjugate is a member of a class of macromolecular conjugates between polycationic polymers and PS that show a high degree of efficiency in mediating PDI of both classes of bacteria in vitro and in vivo (16,18,19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacillus Spores, Mediated by Phenothiazinium Dyes

Demidova

Hamblin

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Spore formation is a sophisticated mechanism by which some bacteria survive conditions of stress and starvation by producing a multilayered protective capsule enclosing their condensed DNA. Spores are highly resistant to damage by heat, radiation, and commonly employed antibacterial agents. Previously, spores have also been shown to be resistant to photodynamic inactivation using dyes and light that easily destroy the corresponding vegetative bacteria. We have discovered that Bacillus spores are susceptible to photoinactivation by phenothiazinium dyes and low doses of red light. Dimethylmethylene blue, methylene blue, new methylene blue, and toluidine blue O are all effective, while alternative photosensitizers such as Rose Bengal, polylysine chlorin(e6) conjugate, a tricationic porphyrin, and a benzoporphyrin derivative, which easily kill vegetative cells, are ineffective. Spores of Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis are most susceptible, B. subtilis and B. atrophaeus are also killed, and B. megaterium is resistant. Photoinactivation is most effective when excess dye is washed from the spores, showing that the dye binds to the spores and that excess dye in solution can quench light delivery. The relatively mild conditions needed for spore killing could have applications for treating wounds contaminated by anthrax spores, for which conventional sporicides would have unacceptable tissue toxicity.

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“…In order to minimize this risk, the development of new approaches of blood disinfection with drugs targeting a broad range of pathogens should be addressed. The use of porphyrins and its analogs in PDT for viral inactivation of blood products has proved successful (24,25,28,50,51), and VSV is often used as a model virus in such tests (24,25,41). In this context, PPIX, ZnPPIX, and MPIX could be used for blood disinfection as well and should be tested for their cytotoxicity for blood cells.…”

Section: Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Inactivation By Porphyrins Antimimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Inactivation by Protoporphyrin IX, Zinc-Protoporphyrin IX, and Mesoporphyrin IX

Cruz-Oliveira

Almeida

Freire

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Virus resistance to antiviral therapies is an increasing concern that makes the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs urgent. Targeting of the viral envelope, a component shared by a large number of viruses, emerges as a promising strategy to overcome this problem. Natural and synthetic porphyrins are good candidates for antiviral development due to their relative hydrophobicity and pro-oxidant character. In the present work, we characterized the antiviral activities of protoprophyrin IX (PPIX), Znprotoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), and mesoporphyrin IX (MPIX) against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and evaluated the mechanisms involved in this activity. Treatment of VSV with PPIX, ZnPPIX, and MPIX promoted dose-dependent virus inactivation, which was potentiated by porphyrin photoactivation. All three porphyrins inserted into lipid vesicles and disturbed the viral membrane organization. In addition, the porphyrins also affected viral proteins, inducing VSV glycoprotein cross-linking, which was enhanced by porphyrin photoactivation. Virus incubation with sodium azide and ␣-tocopherol partially protected VSV from inactivation by porphyrins, suggesting that singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) was the main reactive oxygen species produced by photoactivation of these molecules. Furthermore, 1 O 2 was detected by 9,10-dimethylanthracene oxidation in photoactivated porphyrin samples, reinforcing this hypothesis. These results reveal the potential therapeutic application of PPIX, ZnPPIX, and MPIX as good models for broad antiviral drug design.KEYWORDS photoactivation, porphyrin, singlet oxygen, vesicular stomatitis virus, viral inactivation D espite the increasing number of antiviral drugs available nowadays, therapeutics for viral diseases often fail due to drug resistance development by the target viruses. In the search for antiviral agents with a broad spectrum of activity against viruses, antiviral agents targeting the viral envelope, a component shared by a large number of viruses, emerge as promising compounds able to overcome the drug resistance problem. Porphyrins, amphipathic molecules able to interact with membranes, appear to be good candidates for the development of such antivirals. Porphyrins are formed by four pyrrole rings linked by methine bonds. The nitrogen atoms in the center of the ring form a pocket able to coordinate metallic ions, conferring to porphyrin the ability to absorb light at additional wavelengths and act in catalytic transformations (1). These activities allow porphyrins to be involved in important biological processes, such as respiration (heme) and photosynthesis (chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll) (2).

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Positively charged porphyrins: a new series of photosensitizers for sterilization of RBCs

Abstract: Porphyrin Tri-P(4) may be a suitable photosensitizer for sterilization of RBCs. However, further exploration to optimize the method is necessary to reach clinically acceptable goals.

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Altered processing of thawed red cells to improve the in vitro quality during postthaw storage at 4°C

Altered processing of thawed red cells to improve the in vitro quality during postthaw storage at 4°C

Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacillus Spores, Mediated by Phenothiazinium Dyes

Mechanisms of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Inactivation by Protoporphyrin IX, Zinc-Protoporphyrin IX, and Mesoporphyrin IX

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