Positive thyroid antibodies and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Abstract

Previous studies assessing the association between thyroid antibodies and the risk of thyroid cancer (TC) have produced inconsistent results. The present study therefore conducted a meta-analysis of the available data. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for the retrieval of relevant studies and a meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the association between positive thyroid antibodies and the risk of TC. This search identified 16 articles containing 17 studies on thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), which involved a total of 34,488 patients. Positive TgAb was associated with an increased risk of TC [odds ratio (OR)=1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.64–2.27, I 2 =67.2%]. Whether to adjust for confounding factors (gender and thyroid nodule number) was the main cause of heterogeneity. A stronger association between positive TgAb and an increased risk of TC was identified in the studies with an unadjusted thyroid nodule number (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.82–2.52), as compared to those with an adjusted thyroid nodule number (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.29–2.00; P=0.04). In addition, 12 studies on thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) involving 30,007 patients were included. Positive TPOAb was associated with an increased risk of TC (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.16–1.95, I 2 =83.0%). No significant heterogeneity was observed in the PTC group. Positive TgAb is an independent risk factor for TC. The association between positive TPOAb and increased risk of TC needs to be further studied.

Surgical Outcome and Malignant Risk Factors in Patients With Thyroid Nodule Classified as Bethesda Category III

“…TGAb was widely used in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases: Hashimoto disease, postpartum thyroiditis, neonatal hypothyroidism, and Grave’s disease. However, whether preoperative serum TGAb could predict the malignancy is still controversial ( 22 ).…”

Association between Uranium Exposure and Thyroid Health: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis and Ecological Study

“…The increased tumor cell mass in patients with thyroid cancer releasing more thyroglobulin may stimulate chronic immunologic responses therefore producing more TgAb which would explain the association between positive TgAb and malignancy [24]. A meta-analysis confirmed that positive TgAb is an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer [25]. Investigating the association between urinary uranium as a marker of absorbed uranium and thyroid-related antibodies may provide further indications an increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with environmental uranium exposure.…”

GINS2 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway

“…Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most frequent endocrine malignancy in the world ( 1 , 2 ). Over the last decade, the incidence rate of TC incidence has been increasing by ~2% per year, with a slow but steady increase in the mortality rate (~0.7% per year) ( 3 ).…”