Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior of Niobium-doped (1 −x)BaTiO3–xBi0.5Li0.5TiO3 ceramics

Pu, Yongping; Wei, Jifeng; Mao, Yuqin; Wang, Jinfei

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.149

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These materials undergo a barium vacancy substitution by bismuth and sodium, and can be prepared by solid state and wet chemistry routes. 257 The Curie temperature of barium titanate can be increased further by incorporating a (Bi 0.5 K 0.5 )TiO 3 (BKT) phase, which has a T C equal to 360 C. [258][259][260][261][262] These compositions can be represented generically as BT-BMT, where M ¼ N-sodium or K-potassium. Usually, these materials are produced via a solid state reaction sintering route, although semi-oxalate synthesis can reduce sintering temperatures and, therefore, reduce evaporative losses of Na, K and Li from the crystal lattice.…”

Section: B Rapid Processing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium titanate-based thermistors: Past achievements, state of the art, and future perspectives

Bell

Graule

Stuer

2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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Barium titanate materials displaying a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity are ubiquitously employed as thermistors in electrical current and voltage control systems, as well as in gas and thermal sensing applications. The positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect is widely accepted to be a grain boundary-based phenomenon, although detailed studies on grain boundary structure and chemistry, and their influence on the resulting electrical properties, are seriously lacking. Tailoring of the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity electrical characteristics, for specific high-value applications, will require improved understanding and control over grain boundary phenomenon. A comprehensive overview of the development of barium titanate-based positive temperature coefficient of resistivity ceramics is initially presented. We then advance to a discussion on emerging grain boundary characterization techniques, specifically, a stereographic analysis of electron backscatter diffraction data that could assist in enhancing control over BaTiO 3 defect chemistry and microstructure, through characterization and subsequent manipulation of the population of grain boundary types. These techniques have great potential for increasing the understanding of the delicate interplay between processing conditions, chemistry, microstructure, and functional electrical properties, and are relevant to the development of advanced, high-performance ceramics and electroceramics in general. Contemporary advancements in the field, such as lead-free positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect materials and multilayer miniaturized systems based on hypostoichiometric barium compositions, are reviewed. Finally, perspectives on future lines of thermistor research, with a focus on the energy sector, are presented including applications in gas separation and chemical sensing.

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Section: B Rapid Processing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium titanate-based thermistors: Past achievements, state of the art, and future perspectives

Bell

Graule

Stuer

2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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“…[19] showed the possibility of formation of niobium-containing PTCR (1x)Ba(Ti,Nb)O 3 xLi 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03) solid solutions. It was found that increasing the concentration x leads to an increase in resistance and Curie temperature from 120 to 150 ℃ in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03 [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Semi-oxalate synthesis of (1−x)BaTiO3−xM0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (M = Li, Na, K) PTCR materials

et al. 2016

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(1x)BaTiO 3 -xM 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (M = Li, Na, K) solid solutions were prepared using BaTiO 3 pre-synthesized by oxalate method. The stability limits of (1x)BaTiO 3 -xLi 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 solid solutions have been established. It was shown that increase in M 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 concentration results in reduction of ceramic grain size in the (1x)BaTiO 3 xM 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (M = Li, Na, K) system. It was found that the positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) effect in lead-free materials is due to the presence of a semiconductor core, which is formed by sintering under reducing atmosphere, and dielectric grain boundaries, formed on additional oxidation in air. The use of barium titanate, pre-synthesized by oxalate method, in the synthesis of solid solutions reduced the sintering temperature of ceramics compared with solid state reaction technique. By comparing the electrical properties of the synthesized lead-containing and lead-free materials, it has been shown that lead-free materials exhibit better electrical properties for practical use compared with lead-containing materials.

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“…[6][7][8], or pentavalent ions, such as Nb 5? and Ta 5? [9,10] are added to incorporate at the Ba 2? or Ti 4? site, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior of BaTiO3–BaBiO3–Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics

Zhang

Yang

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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In this study, as a promising material for leadfree positive temperature coefficient of resistivity ceramics, (1 -x -y)BaTiO 3 -xBaBiO 3 -y(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (x = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003; y = 0, 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.01) samples were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. All the samples were sintered in air atmosphere for 1 h. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and resistivity-temperature measurement were used to study the crystal structure, microstructure and resistivitytemperature dependence. The results revealed that proper amount of BaBiO 3 doping not only decreased the room temperature resistivity, but also increased the Curie temperature. Its optimal doping content was finally chosen as 0.2 mol%. And with an increase of BNT content, both the Curie temperature and the room temperature resistivity increased. When BaBiO 3 = 0.2 mol%, BNT = 0.6 mol%, the Curie temperature was 153°C and the room temperature resistivity was 1512 X cm. When the BNT content increased to 1 mol%, the Curie temperature increased to 157°C but the room temperature resistivity increased sharply to 4.0 9 10 5 X cm.

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Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior of Niobium-doped (1 −x)BaTiO3–xBi0.5Li0.5TiO3 ceramics

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Barium titanate-based thermistors: Past achievements, state of the art, and future perspectives

Barium titanate-based thermistors: Past achievements, state of the art, and future perspectives

Semi-oxalate synthesis of (1−x)BaTiO3−xM0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (M = Li, Na, K) PTCR materials

Preparation and positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior of BaTiO3–BaBiO3–Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics

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