Positive Psychology and Religion/Spirituality Across Cultures in Europe, Non-US North America, and South America

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to synthesize and critique the research on positive psychology and psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S) that has been conducted in Europe, non-US North America (Canada and Central America), and South America. In light of the importance of considering cultural differences and similarities across religions and continents, this chapter synthesizes how cultural factors may affect research and practice on positive psychology and the psychology of R/S in these regions of the world. We start with a brief overview of the sociocultural and religious backdrop of these regions. Then we turn to review the main findings in each area, specifying how and what topics have been emphasized in the research on positive psychology and R/S. Finally, we consider practical implications for research and clinical practice, as well as some gaps in the current literature and future directions for research.