Positive Effects of Plant Genotypic and Species Diversity on Anti-Herbivore Defenses in a Tropical Tree Species

Moreira, Xoaquín; Abdala‐Roberts, Luis; Parra-Tabla, Vı́ctor; Mooney, Kailen A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105438

Cited by 65 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In particular, the likelihood of associational resistance increases with the functional dissimilarity of associated trees in mixed forests (Castagneyrol et al 2014a). This would explain why there is weak evidence for better resistance of pure stands composed of several genotypes of the same species compared to single-genotype monocultures (Moreira et al 2014;Barton et al 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Forest Tree Diversity On Pest Regulation Of Nativmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

et al. 2017

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Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here we provide a review of forest ecosystem services including biomass production, habitat provisioning services, pollination, seed dispersal, resistance to wind storms, fire regulation and mitigation, pest regulation of native and invading insects, carbon sequestration, and cultural ecosystem services, in relation to forest type, structure and diversity. We also consider relationships between forest biodiversity and multifunctionality, and trade-offs among ecosystem services. We compare the concepts of ecosystem processes, functions and services to clarify their definitions. Our review of published studies indicates a lack of empirical studies that establish quantitative and causal relationships between forest biodiversity and many important ecosystem services. The literature is highly skewed; studies on provisioning of nutrition and energy, and on cultural services, delivered by mixed-species forests are under-represented. Planted forests offer ample opportunity for optimising their composition and diversity because replanting after harvesting is a recurring process. Planting mixed-species forests should be given more consideration as they are likely to provide a wider range of ecosystem services within the forest and for adjacent land uses. This review also serves as the introduction to this special issue of Biodiversity and Conservation on various aspects of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services.

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Section: Effects Of Forest Tree Diversity On Pest Regulation Of Nativmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

et al. 2017

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“…Alternatively, effects of plant diversity arising via increased plant growth could be controlled statistically by testing for diversity effects on herbivores with and without plant biomass as a covariate [12,40] or analysing effects on insect abundance versus density (number of insects per unit of plant biomass). If diversity effects are mediated by plant biomass then significant effects on herbivores should disappear once biomass is accounted for [41 ]. Greater plant growth rates at high diversity may also lead to reduced investment in plant defences via growth-defence trade-offs or, alternatively, to increased levels of plant defences via increased herbivore loads and damage (i.e.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…induced defences). In this sense, Moreira et al [41 ] found that plant species and genotypic diversity had positive effects on mahogany chemical defences, but these positive diversity effects on defences were not mediated by either growth-defence trade-offs or changes in herbivore damage. Further studies should thus investigate plant diversity effects on anti-herbivore defences at a finer/more mechanistic level.…”

Section: Effects Of Plant Diversity On Plant-insect Herbivore and Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Moreira

Abdala‐Roberts

Rasmann

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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152

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A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels and the mechanisms underpinning such effects. However, there are currently a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on consumers. For instance, we still know very little about how the magnitude of plant trait variation (e.g. intraspecific vs. inter-specific), as well as the identity and combined effects of plant, herbivore and natural enemy traits, mediate plant diversity effects on consumers. Moreover, the fine-scale mechanisms (e.g. changes in consumer behaviour or recruitment responses) underlying such diversity effects in many cases remain elusive or have been overlooked. In addition, most studies of plant diversity effects on associated consumers have been developed under a static, unidirectional (bottom-up) framework of effects on herbivores and predators without taking into account the potential for dynamic feedbacks across trophic levels. Here we seek to address these key gaps in knowledge as well as to capitalize on recent advances and emerging frameworks in plant biodiversity research. In doing so, we provide new insights as well as recommendations which will stimulate new research and advance this field of study. IntroductionThe consequences of plant intra-specific and inter-specific diversity on associated faunas have been the focus of much research over the last decade (e.g. [1 ,2-8,9 ]). Studies have found that plant diversity positively influences arthropod diversity and abundance [3,4,8,10], and alters plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions [3,7,11,12]. These findings emphasize that conserving and manipulating plant diversity in natural and managed systems, respectively, is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function [13][14][15].A rich body of theory has been developed to predict the effects of plant diversity on communities at higher trophic levels ([16-22], see Box 1). Despite this vast collection of theory behind plant diversity effects on associated faunas and the large number of empirical studies conducted thus far, formal evaluations of the mechanisms behind the observed patterns have been developed in natural communities (but see [20] for e.g. in agricultural systems). In addition, there are also a number of key gaps in knowledge that have hindered the development of a predictive framework of plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels ( Figure 1). For example, we generally ignore how the magnitude of variation in plant traits (e.g. interspecific vs. intra-specific diversity) or the identity (including independent and interactive effects of multiple traits) of plant traits determines such effects. Similarly, many studies have lacked an explicit evaluation of the influence of herbivore traits such as diet breadth, mobility and feeding behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms for diversity effects on consumer abundance or behaviour remain elusive (e.g. effects of diversit...

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“…Plant diversity may also influence plant traits such as chemical or physical defences against herbivores (Mraja et al, 2011;Moreira et al, 2014Moreira et al, , 2017Kostenko et al, 2017), and these effects may contribute to explain effects of diversity on plant-herbivore interactions. Diversity effects on plant traits may be due to changes in abiotic conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory and leaf defences in Cordia dodecandra

Rosado‐Sánchez

Parra-Tabla

Betancur‐Ancona

et al. 2018

Ecological Entomology

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1. It is broadly accepted that plant diversity influences plant-herbivore interactions, yet few studies have separated damage by different herbivore species and simultaneously tested for effects on herbivory and plant defences to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such effects.2. This study tested for effects of tree species diversity on leaf damage by beetle larvae and caterpillars on Cordia dodecandra in a diversity experiment, and measured leaf chemical and physical traits to assess whether differences in herbivory underlie changes in plant traits.3. Four year-old trees were sampled in 21 × 21-m plots classified as monocultures of C. dodecandra or mixtures of this species plus three other tree species. Herbivory by beetle larvae and caterpillars was estimated, and we subsequently collected undamaged leaves to quantify total phenolics and condensed tannins, trichome density, and specific leaf area. 4. A significant effect of diversity on herbivory by beetle larvae was found, with mixtures exhibiting an 80% lower mean value than monocultures. By contrast, there was no diversity effect on caterpillar herbivory. Additionally, a positive relationship was found between beetle larvae (but not caterpillar) damage and plant chemical defences, yet there was no effect of diversity on defences. Specific leaf area was higher and trichome density tended to be lower in mixtures than in monocultures, but neither trait was associated with herbivory, and damage did not explain diversity effects on these traits. 5. These findings emphasise the importance of separating diversity effects on different herbivore species and measuring plant traits associated with herbivory to better understand controls of diversity on plant-herbivore interactions.

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Positive Effects of Plant Genotypic and Species Diversity on Anti-Herbivore Defenses in a Tropical Tree Species

Cited by 65 publications

References 58 publications

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Plant diversity effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies: current thinking, recent findings, and future directions

Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory and leaf defences in Cordia dodecandra

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