“…Consequently, they leave heavy responsibility to their subordinates, fail to set clear goals, and avoid making decisions [48][49][50][51]. While the number of prior studies on the effect of LF is largely limited when compared with studies on TXL and TFL, the dominant view of prior research on LF has considered LF detrimental to organizational functionality [52]. For instance, Judge and Piccolo [51] found that LF was negatively associated with leader effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader, and Skogstad et al [53] reported that LF was positively associated with subordinates' role conflict, role ambiguity, conflicts with coworkers, exposure to bullying at work, and psychological distress in Norway.…”