Positive Correlation of Fitness with Group Size in Two Biotypes of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Michaud, J. P.; Jyoti, J. L.; Qureshi, Jawwad A.

doi:10.1093/jee/99.4.1214

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…For example, it could be that by mixing, the aphids would be able to more easily build up a large colony, which would more likely be tended by ants (Stadler et al. 2003), that they could obtain benefits via a predator dilution effect (Turchin & Kareiva 1989; Krause & Ruxton 2002), that they could use the presence of other aphids as cues to find the best feeding sites or seek out plants with little aphid resistance and poor chemical defences (Fletcher 2006), or that they could affect plant metabolism in a way that would result in enhanced food availability and higher aphid growth rates when they occurred in small groups (Way & Banks 1967; Dixon & Wratten 1971; Qureshi & Michaud 2005; Michaud et al. 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist

2011

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Aphids are a worldwide pest and an important model in ecology and evolution. Little is known, however, about the genetic structure of their colonies at a microgeographic level. For example, it remains largely unknown whether most species form monoclonal or polyclonal colonies. Here, we present the first detailed study on levels of clonal mixing in a nonsocial facultative ant mutualist, the black bean aphid Aphis fabae. In contrast to the earlier suggestion that colonies of this species are generally monoclonal, we found that across two subspecies of the black bean aphid, A. fabae cirsiiacanthoidis and A. fabae fabae, 32% and 67% of the aphid colonies were in fact polyclonal, consisting of a mix of up to four different clones, which resulted in an overall average relatedness within colonies of 0.90 and 0.79 in the two subspecies. Data further show that the average relatedness in A. f. cirsiiacanthoidis remained relatively constant throughout the season, which means that clonal erosion due to clonal selection more or less balanced with the influx of new clones from elsewhere. Nevertheless, relatedness tended to decrease over the lifetime of a given colony, implying that clonal mixing primarily resulted from the joining of pre-existing colonies as opposed to via simultaneous host colonisation by several foundresses. Widespread clonal mixing is argued to affect the ecology and evolution of the aphids in various important ways, for example with respect to the costs and benefits of group living, the evolution of dispersal and the interaction with predators as well as with the ant mutualists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist

2011

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“…RWA1 performed better on the susceptible Trego than on either of the two resistant cultivars, ÔStantonÕ and ÔHalt,Õ whereas RWA2 performed well on all three cultivars and formed larger colonies. Michaud et al (2006) also found a reduced performance of RWA1 on resistant cultivars, with reproductive rate reduced on resistant cultivars by an average of 32 and 41%. Hossein (2010) found signiÞcant differences in r m values of Russian wheat aphid on Þve varieties of wheat, and he concluded that varieties with the highest r m value were susceptible and those with the lowest r m values were considered to be resistant varieties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…From the results, it can be concluded that the different biotypes have different reproductive ability, and therefore ability to survive, on different host plants. The reproductive and development rates of Russian wheat aphid are inßuenced by various different factors, such as temperature (Aalbersberg et al 1987), host plant growth stage (Girma et al 1990), host quality , aphid biotype , population density (Michaud et al 2006), and feeding site on the plant (Stary 1999). Michaud et al (2006) also found signiÞcant effects of biotype on reproductive life and that the number of offspring produced by females was inßuenced by interactions between biotype, grouping, temperature, and cultivar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Associations of <I>Diuraphis noxia</I> (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in South Africa

Jankielsohn¹

2013

j econ entomol

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The incidence and host associations of Russian wheat aphid were investigated in the wheat-growing areas of South Africa from 2009 to 2011. Most Russian wheat aphid samples were collected on dryland wheat, while few samples were collected on irrigation wheat. Volunteer wheat and rescue grass were the preferred alternative host plants to cultivated wheat for all three biotypes. No RWASA1 samples were collected from oats, but RWASA2 seemed to be able to survive successfully on oats, with 12.26% of the total RWASA2 samples collected on oats and 2.83% RWASA2 samples on wild oats. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) has often been used as an index of herbivore performance, and alternative host suitability can be quantified using growth rate parameters, such as the intrinsic rate of increase. The rm was determined for the three South African biotypes-RWASA1, RWASA2, and RWASA3--on seven different host plants. Russian wheat aphid biotypes showed a positive intrinsic rate of increase on all host plants tested, indicating that these host plants were all suitable hosts to support populations of all three biotypes. The rm on TugelaDn, which is resistant to RWASA1 but susceptible to RWASA2 and RWASA3, was significantly higher for RWASA3 and lowest for RWASA1. The rm for RWASA2 and RWASA3 was significantly lower on TugelaDn5, which is resistant to these two biotypes. The rm for RWASA2 and RWASA3 was significantly higher than for RWASA1 on both oats and wild oats. Aphid infestation of winter wheat in the spring may be directly influenced by their success and abundance in noncultivated host plants between harvest and emergence of the cultivated wheat. Therefore, it is important to consider the success of different Russian wheat aphid biotypes on host plant alternatives to cultivated cereals when planning a management strategy for Russian wheat aphid in an area.

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“…Clipper plants and were kept in insect cages in separate controlled environment cabinets (Conviron) (Saheed et al., 2007a). Careful quarantine procedures were observed while handling the aphids in order to prevent cross‐contamination of biotypes (Michaud et al., 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population growth rate and relative virulence of the two South African biotypes of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, and bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, on resistant and non-resistant barley

Jimoh

Botha

Edwards

et al. 2010

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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In South Africa a new biotype of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), RWASA2, has appeared which exhibits an improved performance compared to the original biotype (RWASA1) on wheat containing the Dn1 resistance gene. We examined population growth rates as well as damage caused by RWASA1 and RWASA2, in addition to a different aphid species, the bird cherry‐oat aphid (BCA), Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on three RWA‐resistant barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)] lines (STARS‐9577B, STARS‐0502B, and STARS‐9301B) and one susceptible control (PUMA). RWASA2 had a higher reproductive rate than RWASA1 on all barley lines tested, which is consistent with previous results on wheat. Two of the RWA‐resistant lines (STARS‐0502B and STARS‐9301B) also exhibited a similar resistance phenotype against BCA. In our experiments, severe chlorosis and leaf roll appeared earlier on the control PUMA barley variety as a result of RWASA2 feeding than was the case with RWASA1, probably due to the differences in reproductive rate. Although chlorosis appeared earlier on resistant plants after RWASA2 feeding, this symptom developed much faster during RWASA1 feeding on all three resistant lines tested. As chlorosis did not correlate well with aphid population numbers, we surmise that the differential chlorosis effects may be related to differences in the amount of saliva introduced by the two aphid clones during feeding. Our results indicate that the difference between RWASA2 and RWASA1 are broader than a ‘gene for gene’ interaction with the Dn1 resistance (R) gene in wheat, and that these biotypes also differ in important aspects of their biology.

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Positive Correlation of Fitness with Group Size in Two Biotypes of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist

Levels of clonal mixing in the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, a facultative ant mutualist

Host Associations of <I>Diuraphis noxia</I> (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes in South Africa

Population growth rate and relative virulence of the two South African biotypes of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, and bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, on resistant and non-resistant barley

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