Positive Beliefs about Rumination Are Associated with Ruminative Thinking and Affect in Daily Life: Evidence for a Metacognitive View on Depression

Kubiak, Thomas; Zahn, Daniela; Siewert, Kerstin; Jonas, Cornelia; Weber, Hannelore

doi:10.1017/s1352465813000325

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The theory proposes that rumination impedes the effective problem-solving process partly because it makes the thinking process more pessimistic and fatalistic. Despite this, people who are ruminating believe that persistently thinking about an instrumental theme is beneficial for themselves (Kubiak et al, 2014).…”

Section: Rumination Brooding and Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumi̇nasyonun Yansitma Ve Kötümser Düşünme Boyutlarinin Yordayicilari: Öz-Beli̇rleme Kurami Perspekti̇fi̇

Manuoğlu

2022

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi

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Past research has shown that rumination is a multifaced construct and two types of rumination were distinguished, reflection (adaptive contemplation) and brooding (pessimistic thinking style). Although they are related, brooding and reflection are considered different constructs. Self-determination theory proposes that there are three basic psychological needs, namely autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential for human functioning and well-being. The frustration of these needs can create a discrepancy between actual and ideal states of goal attainment (satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence), which initiate rumination about unattained goals. Grounded on self-determination theory, the present study aimed to examine the link between need satisfaction and frustration and dimensions of rumination with a cross-sectional design. The data of the present study were collected during the Pandemic. Undergraduate university students (N = 464, female 69%, Mage = 21.90, SD = 2.88) from different departments of a major state university in Turkey participated in the current study. Ruminative Response Scale-Short Form and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale were administered via an online survey tool. Results showed that while the brooding dimension of rumination was predicted by the frustration of autonomy, relatedness, and competence need, the reflection dimension was predicted by relatedness and competence frustration. Need frustration explained unique variance in brooding and reflection. Although the reflection dimension of rumination is considered adaptive, the results showed that it might be a maladaptive coping strategy under a highly controlling and uncertain environment. The findings of the present research suggest that supporting need satisfaction has critical importance in decreasing rumination.

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Section: Rumination Brooding and Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumi̇nasyonun Yansitma Ve Kötümser Düşünme Boyutlarinin Yordayicilari: Öz-Beli̇rleme Kurami Perspekti̇fi̇

Manuoğlu

2022

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Weber and Exner (2013) (Beck et al, 1996), RRS-SF Ruminative Responses Scale, Short Form (Treynor et al, 2003), IDS-SR Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Self-Report (Rush et al, 1996), LARSS The path analysis testing the metacognitive model showed that NBRS uncontrollability was not associated with depressive symptoms significantly more variance in time 2 rumination after controlling time 1 rumination. Kubiak et al (2014) carried out an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and examined the effect of the PBRS on rumination and positive affect. They found that the PBRS predicted rumination and that the effect of the PBRS on momentary positive affect was significantly mediated by rumination, while the direct effect was not significant.…”

Section: Nonclinical Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one study (Kraft et al, 2019) used a longitudinal design with a five-time interval over 12 months. The latent growth model showed that the PBRS, the NBRS, and rumination predicted depression levels.…”

Section: Clinical Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is in line with previous studies and with the metacognitive model, but contrary to the model, negative metacognitions and rumination did not predict symptom recurrence. The authors concluded that although reduced metacognition is likely to reduce depressive symptoms, this phenomenon is probably not enough to prevent the recurrence of symptoms in the next 12 months (Kraft et al, 2019).…”

Section: Clinical Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical Evidence of the Metacognitive Model of Rumination and Depression in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Rumination is considered a cognitive vulnerability factor in the development and maintenance of depression. The metacognitive model of rumination and depression suggests that the development of rumination and its association with depression partly depends on metacognitive beliefs. Two metacognitive beliefs about rumination have been identified: positive beliefs about its utility and negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and its negative social consequences. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (1) to analyze the associations between metacognitive beliefs and rumination and depression; (2) to test the metacognitive model, using a Two-Stage Structural Equation Modeling approach (TSSEM). Literature search retrieved 41 studies. These 41 studies (N = 10,607) were included in the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis, and 16 studies (N = 4477) were comprised for the TSSEM. Results indicated metacognitive beliefs are associated with rumination and depression. Measures on metacognitive beliefs about rumination indicated that positive beliefs showed moderate associations with rumination (r = 0.50), and low with depression (r = 0.27); whereas negative beliefs showed moderate associations with both rumination (r = 0.46) and depression (r = 0.49). These results were consistent across studies using different instruments to measure metacognitive beliefs, and in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Moreover, results of the TSSEM analyses showed that the metacognitive model had a good fit. In sum, our results are in line with the metacognitive model of rumination and depression, highlighting that metacognitive beliefs are relevant factors to understand why people ruminate and get depressed. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.

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“…According to the Self-Regulation Executive Function (S-REF) model [5], rumination-directing attention toward monitoring for self-related negative feelings and thoughts is activated and guided by metacognitive beliefs that exist in the form of knowledge, experiences, and strategies [6]. The occurrence of negative experiences activates positive metacognitive beliefs about the usefulness of rumination (threat monitoring), while negative metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability of thoughts and the terrible consequences lead to the follow-up activation of perseverative thinking [7]. Previously depressed patients have reported higher metacognitive awareness than currently depressed individuals to avoid depressive episodes, which are regarded as traumatic life events, in the future [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptable but further revision needed? The psychometric properties of the Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale in relation to Chinese undergraduates

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Rumination, a transdiagnostic factor in different psychopathological conditions, is believed to be activated and sustained by dysfunctional metacognition. The Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS) have been used to measure the metacognitive beliefs of rumination and have been investigated in many cultural contexts. However, it remains unclear whether these scales can work as well for the Chinese population. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of these scales and to test the metacognitive model of rumination for students with different levels of depression. Methods The PBRS and NBRS were forward-backward translated into Mandarin. In total 1,025 college students were recruited to complete a battery of web-based questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were used to test the structure, validity, and reliability of the two scales, as well as their item correlations with rumination. Results A new two-factor structure of the PBRS (rather than the original one-factor model) and a new three-factor structure of the NBRS (rather than the original two-factor model) were extracted. The goodness-of-fit indices of these two factor models showed they had a good to very good fit with the data. The internal consistency and construct validity of PBRS and NBRS were also affirmed. Conclusion The Chinese versions of the PBRS and the NBRS were generally shown to be reliable and valid, but their newly extracted structures fit the Chinese college students better than their original structures. These new models of PBRS and NBRS are of value to be further explored in Chinese population.

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Positive Beliefs about Rumination Are Associated with Ruminative Thinking and Affect in Daily Life: Evidence for a Metacognitive View on Depression

Abstract: Our results add ecologically valid corroborating evidence for the metacognitive model of emotional disorders within the framework of self-regulatory executive function theory.

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Rumi̇nasyonun Yansitma Ve Kötümser Düşünme Boyutlarinin Yordayicilari: Öz-Beli̇rleme Kurami Perspekti̇fi̇

Rumi̇nasyonun Yansitma Ve Kötümser Düşünme Boyutlarinin Yordayicilari: Öz-Beli̇rleme Kurami Perspekti̇fi̇

Empirical Evidence of the Metacognitive Model of Rumination and Depression in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Acceptable but further revision needed? The psychometric properties of the Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale in relation to Chinese undergraduates

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