Positive and negative generalization gradients obtained after equivalent training conditions.

Honig, Werner K.; Boneau, C. Alan; Burstein, Kenneth R.; Pennypacker, H. S.

doi:10.1037/h0048683

Cited by 102 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The stimuli were created to be similar to those used by Honig et al (1963) and Bloomfield (1967). Each stimulus was a white circle (2.54 cm diameter) with a 1.60 mm wide black line through the center.…”

Section: Stimulus Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon successfully learning the discrimination, the responses of each pigeon to novel line orientations with varying degrees of similarity to the trained S+ and S-stimulus were tested. The cognitive task in the current study is based on a classic psychological testing paradigm similar to that of Honig et al (1963). We used a modified version of this task, where the stimuli vary in line orientation (different degrees of rotations, with 90° as vertical similar to Bloomfield 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast- and slow-exploring pigeons differ in how they use previously learned rules

Guillette

Baron

Sturdy

2017

Behavioural Processes

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Please cite this article as: Guillette, L.M., Baron, D.M., Sturdy, C.B., Spetch, M.L., Fastand slow-exploring pigeons differ in how they use previously learned rules.Behavioural Processes http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.beproc.2016.07.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractSeveral studies report a correlation between exploratory behaviour and performance on tests of cognitive ability. Exploration may influence learning because less exploratory animals are less likely to come in contact with to-be-learned stimuli. Alternatively, the way information available in the environment is processed could influence the rate of exploration. Pigeons are one of the most-studied species used to examine the mechanisms underlying cognitive abilities, but have not been used to examine the relationship between these abilities and animal personality. Here, twelve pigeons were first tested in a novel environment to assess repeatability in exploratory behaviour. Pigeons were then trained to discriminate between two visual stimuli: lines oriented at 90° (vertical, the S+) and 135° (the S-). After training pigeons underwent generalization testing with ten additional visual line orientation stimuli. We found exploratory behaviour was related to generalization performance: fast-explorers had steeper generalization gradients compared to slow-explorers. This effect was only seen in the direction towards the S-. These results suggest that birds with different exploratory styles differ in how they use previously learned information. Further testing is needed to confirm which cue(s) (S+ or S-) control the behaviour of fast-explorers.

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Section: Stimulus Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast- and slow-exploring pigeons differ in how they use previously learned rules

Guillette

Baron

Sturdy

2017

Behavioural Processes

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“…So far we have established that both terminal responses and interim activities have controlling stimuli; that variation in these stimuli yields excitatory generalization gradients; and that because of competition, an excitatory gradient in terms of one response will usually be associated with a (shallower) inhibitory gradient in terms of other Honig et al, 1963;Catania, Silverman, & Stubbs, 1974. ) Rate of controlled response or response to S+ dimension Rate of competing response or response to S-dimension responses.…”

Section: Conjoint Stimulus Control and Peak Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terms such as facilitated or excited are more accurate in the present theoretical context. Honig, Boneau, Burstein, & Pennypacker (1963). The argument in the next few paragraphs about time allocation and the slope of inhibitory gradients was first made by Jenkins (1965).…”

Section: Theories Of Contrastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

Staddon

2016

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Every day at about 4:30, Jazz, a Hungarian Vizsla dog, leaps up on the sofa and looks out for his owner who always comes home at 5:00. He doesn't need an internal clock because he has an acute sense of smell that allows him to measure how long his master has been absent. Explaining complex behavior in simple ways, this book is a fascinating exploration of the evolution, development and processes of learning in animals. Now in its second edition, there is increased emphasis on development, evolution and dynamics; new accounts of taxic orientation, reflex induction, habituation and operant learning in organisms; more discussion of spatial learning and the processes underlying it; expanded chapters on choice and completely new chapters on molar laws, classical conditioning theories and comparative cognition. J. E. R. Staddon provides a definitive summary of contemporary theoretical understanding suitable for graduates and advanced undergraduates.

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“…Following training to respond to S" the positive stimulus, and to withhold responses to S" the negative stimulus, Ss are given generalization tests in wh ich the stimuli are values along a dimension containing S, and, it is generally assumed, orthogonal to S, . Apparently without exception, subsequent research has used the two stimulus dimensions employed in the pioneer studies (Jenkins & Harrison, 1962;Honig et al, 1963;Schwartzbaum & Kellicut, 1962), namely, the orientation of a line projected on the response key or the frequency of a pure tone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of houselight interruption as a dimension for inhibitory generalization testing

Boakes

1972

Psychon Sci

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Pigeons were trained und er free operant successive-discrimination conditions in which the discriminative stimuli were initially steady and pulsed noise and subsequently were steady houselight, positive stimulus, and flashing houselight, negative stimulus. Discrimination was poor under the first set of conditions but developed rapidly with the second set of stimuli. On reaching criterion in the discrimination involving the flashing houselight, a generalization test was given in which a number of different frequencies of houselight interruption were presented, both at fun and reduced amplitude. The regularity of the negative gradients obtained indicated that this provided a suitable dimension for the study of inhibitory generalization.

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Positive and negative generalization gradients obtained after equivalent training conditions.

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

Fast- and slow-exploring pigeons differ in how they use previously learned rules

Fast- and slow-exploring pigeons differ in how they use previously learned rules

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

Frequency of houselight interruption as a dimension for inhibitory generalization testing

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