Positional signalling by mouse limb polarising region in the chick wing bud

Tickle, C.; Shellswell, G. B.; Crawley, A.; Wolpert, Lewis

doi:10.1038/259396a0

Cited by 75 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both of these regions, the former in conjunction with the thickened ridge of apical ectoderm, have been shown to play crucial roles in controlling the patterns of cartilage elements during the development of the chick limb bud at stages similar to those examined here (Wolpert et al 1975). Indeed, pattern-determining activity has been demonstrated in tissue from the posterior parts of the fore-and hindlimbs of 10-day-old mice grafted to the anterior region of chick wing buds (Tickle et al 1976}. It will be of particular interest to examine the possibility that Hox-7.1 is involved in the specification or maintainence of positional information in the limb by investigating the pattern of expression of the gene at successive stages and the effects of classical limb bud deletions and heterotopic grafts on this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new family of mouse homeo box-containing genes: molecular structure, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of Hox-7.1.

Hill¹,

Jones²,

Rees³

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

378

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two families of homeo box-containing genes have been identified in mammals to date, the Antennapedia-and engrailed-like homeo boxes, based on the sequence similarity to those from Drosophila. Here, we report the isolation of a homeo box-containing gene that belongs to a new family of which there are at least three related genes in the mouse genome. The homeo box of this new gene shows remarkable similarity to the Drosophila Msh homeo box that we designate as the prototype for this family. The gene maps to the proximal end of mouse chromosome 5 and does not cosegregate with any known homeo box-containing gene. We designate this locus Hox-7.1. In situ hybridizations to mouse embryos at different stages show a unique pattern of expression, as compared to other homeo box-containing genes described thus far. Hox-7.1 transcripts are detected in 9.5-dayold embryos in the neural crest, developing limb bud, and visceral arches. Later, this gene is expressed in regions of the face that are derived from neural crest and in the interdigital mesenchymal tissues in both the fore-and hindlimbs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new family of mouse homeo box-containing genes: molecular structure, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of Hox-7.1.

Hill¹,

Jones²,

Rees³

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

378

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, grafts of tissue from the posterior of the mouse limb to the anterior of chick wing buds can induce a full set of chick wing digits (Tickle et al, 1976). The simplest model that accounts for these results is that a gradient of polarizing activity patterns mouse digits, as it does in the chick wing.…”

Section: Genetics Of Mouse Limb Ap Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing models of vertebrate limb development

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The developing limb has been a very influential system for studying pattern formation in vertebrates. In the past, classical embryological models have explained how patterned structures are generated along the two principal axes of the limb: the proximodistal (shoulder to finger) and anteroposterior (thumb to little finger) axes. Over time, the genetic and molecular attributes of these patterning models have been discovered, while the role of growth in the patterning process has been only recently highlighted. In this review, we discuss these recent findings and propose how the various models of limb patterning can be reconciled. IntroductionThe developing limb has long been a pioneering model for understanding pattern formation: the process in which the spatial organisation of differentiated cells and tissues is generated in the embryo. One aspect of limb development that has perplexed several generations of researchers is the importance of growth. This might appear to be a trivial problem because growth occurs throughout the period when pattern is laid down and so, in the broadest sense, it is obviously required for development. However, controversy surrounds whether growth is required for the actual specification of pattern.Pattern formation can be considered as a two-step process; first cells are informed of their position and, thus, acquire a positional value (specification); cells then remember and interpret this value to form the appropriate structures (differentiation) (Wolpert, 1969). In the developing chick leg, specification cues can be experimentally overridden until quite a late stage, leading to altered differentiation and morphogenesis, thus revealing remarkable developmental plasticity (Dahn and Fallon, 2000). Three main scenarios for the role of growth in pattern formation have been suggested and can be illustrated by the classical French flag model (Wolpert, 1969;Wolpert, 1989). In one scenario, growth itself is proposed to specify positional values directly (Fig. 1A). In another, local growth generates positional values by intercalating existing disparate positional values, as seen in regenerating amphibian limbs (French et al., 1976) (Fig. 1B). In the third scenario, growth is proposed to play no direct patterning role, but simply to expand positional values that have already been specified by a different mechanism, such as a concentration gradient of a long-range morphogen (Fig. 1C).Studies of the genetic basis of some human congenital limb defects, such as Apert syndrome (Wilkie et al., 1995) and preaxial polydactyly (PPD) (Lettice et al., 2002) have complemented experimental findings in the main model organisms, the chick and the mouse. However, in order to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype, we need to have a better grasp of the basic patterning mechanisms that operate during limb development, knowledge that could be incorporated into our current models of embryonic pattern formation. Thus, it is encouraging that several recent papers on limb development propose pa...

show abstract

“…The anteropos terior limb pattern is determined during the early stages of limb bud outgrowth (gestational day 10 and 11; Kochhar 1977) when a morphogenetically active polar izing zone is present (Tickle et al 1976). During later outgrowth, the mesenchymal condensations that deter mine the positions of the prospective limb bones, carpals, and digits form and differentiate (Rugh 1968;Kochhar 1977).…”

Section: Id Mutations Disrupt Anteroposterior Limb Pattern Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limb deformity gene is required for apical ectodermal ridge differentiation and anteroposterior limb pattern formation.

Zeller¹,

Jackson-Grusby²,

Leder³

1989

Genes Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To gain insight into the role of the limb deformity [Id] gene in limb morphogenesis, we examined the morphologic details of early embryonic limb formation in the mutant Id/ld mouse. Initial morphological differences between wild-type and homozygous Id embryos are apparent during early gestational day 10, a time period during which anteroposterior limb morphogenesis occurs. As a result of a shortened anteroposterior axis, the mutant limb bud appears more pointed than its wild-type counterpart. In addition, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a structure crucial to both proximodistal and anteroposterior limb development, fails to differentiate properly in mutant Id embryos. Consistent with these observations, molecular analysis of the limb promordia shows that the limb ectoderm contains a level of Id transcripts fivefold higher relative to its mesenchyme. Furthermore, expression of Id transcripts in other parts of the developing embryo and in primitive streak embryos (gestational day 7) suggests possible roles for this gene in the earliest determinative events of morphogenesis. These data lead us to conclude that Id gene products are required for both proper AER differentiation and anteroposterior pattern formation in limb mesenchyme.

show abstract

Positional signalling by mouse limb polarising region in the chick wing bud

Cited by 75 publications

References 5 publications

A new family of mouse homeo box-containing genes: molecular structure, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of Hox-7.1.

A new family of mouse homeo box-containing genes: molecular structure, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of Hox-7.1.

Growing models of vertebrate limb development

The limb deformity gene is required for apical ectodermal ridge differentiation and anteroposterior limb pattern formation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About